This data bundle contains all source data for graphics and visualisation used on the page,
Opioid agonist treatment – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023).
List of tables
Table 1. Coverage of opioid agonist treatment in 2021 or the most recent year and 2011/12 (Percent)
| Year |
Series |
Country |
Low |
Estimate |
High |
| 2017 |
2021 or most recent |
Latvia |
8 |
10 |
12 |
| 2020 |
2021 or most recent |
Romania |
8 |
10 |
13 |
| 2016 |
2021 or most recent |
Lithuania |
9 |
15 |
21 |
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Cyprus |
10 |
17 |
25 |
| 2014 |
2021 or most recent |
Poland |
16 |
21 |
28 |
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Slovakia |
14 |
23 |
32 |
| 2016 |
2021 or most recent |
Denmark |
16 |
27 |
39 |
| 2016 |
2021 or most recent |
Germany |
48 |
49 |
49 |
| 2015 |
2021 or most recent |
Croatia |
39 |
50 |
62 |
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Austria |
50 |
52 |
54 |
| 2019 |
2021 or most recent |
Ireland |
49 |
53 |
54 |
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Czechia |
57 |
59 |
61 |
| 2018 |
2021 or most recent |
Portugal |
42 |
64 |
98 |
| 2019 |
2021 or most recent |
Belgium |
|
72 |
|
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Slovenia |
69 |
75 |
80 |
| 2020 |
2021 or most recent |
France |
78 |
80 |
82 |
| 2021 |
2021 or most recent |
Greece |
56 |
85 |
100 |
| 2013 |
2021 or most recent |
Norway |
56 |
86 |
100 |
| 2019 |
2021 or most recent |
Luxembourg |
|
86 |
|
| 2020 |
2021 or most recent |
Malta |
77 |
89 |
95 |
| 2020 |
2021 or most recent |
Spain |
65 |
90 |
100 |
| 2012 |
Previous estimate |
Latvia |
4 |
5 |
7 |
| 2016 |
Previous estimate |
Romania |
5 |
7 |
9 |
| 2007 |
Previous estimate |
Lithuania |
7 |
7 |
7 |
| 2011 |
Previous estimate |
Cyprus |
25 |
31 |
37 |
| 2009 |
Previous estimate |
Poland |
10 |
13 |
19 |
| 2018 |
Previous estimate |
Slovakia |
11 |
20 |
28 |
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| 2011 |
Previous estimate |
Austria |
54 |
55 |
57 |
| 2011 |
Previous estimate |
Ireland |
44 |
53 |
57 |
| 2011 |
Previous estimate |
Czechia |
46 |
48 |
51 |
| 2012 |
Previous estimate |
Portugal |
66 |
75 |
88 |
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| 2011 |
Previous estimate |
Greece |
30 |
33 |
37 |
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| |
Previous estimate |
|
|
|
|
| 2010 |
Previous estimate |
Spain |
82 |
96 |
100 |
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Table 2a. Clients in opioid agonist treatment
| Characteristic |
Number in treatment |
Data |
Unit |
| Number in treatment |
EU |
511210 |
number |
| Number in treatment |
EU+2 |
523821 |
number |
| Age |
<15 |
0 |
% |
| Age |
15-19 |
0 |
% |
| Age |
20-24 |
2 |
% |
| Age |
25-29 |
5 |
% |
| Age |
30-34 |
11 |
% |
| Age |
35-39 |
17 |
% |
| Age |
40-44 |
20 |
% |
| Age |
45-49 |
16 |
% |
| Age |
50-54 |
15 |
% |
| Age |
55-59 |
7 |
% |
| Age |
60-64 |
5 |
% |
| Age |
>64 |
1 |
% |
| Gender |
Females |
23 |
% |
| Gender |
Males |
77 |
% |
| Medication |
Methadone |
55.88 |
% |
| Medication |
Buprenorphine |
34.57 |
% |
| Medication |
Other |
6.73 |
% |
| Medication |
Slow-release oral morphine |
2.56 |
% |
| Medication |
Diacetylmorphine |
0.24 |
% |
| Medication |
Dihydrocodeine |
0.02 |
% |
| Duration |
<12 |
10 |
% |
| Duration |
12 to 24 |
11 |
% |
| Duration |
25 to 60 |
27 |
% |
| Duration |
61 to 120 |
21 |
% |
| Duration |
>120 |
30 |
% |
Back to list of tables
Table 2b. Trends in the number in opioid agonist treatment
| Country |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
| Spain |
82372 |
76263 |
69111 |
61954 |
61859 |
59264 |
58749 |
58857 |
58447 |
58540 |
55058 |
55058 |
| Germany |
77400 |
76200 |
75400 |
77300 |
77500 |
77200 |
78500 |
78800 |
79400 |
79700 |
81300 |
81300 |
| Other countries |
110244 |
113180 |
111533 |
104996 |
106186 |
106951 |
106194 |
107576 |
108587 |
109814 |
110117 |
111228 |
| France |
155944 |
170322 |
172795 |
176065 |
174274 |
178313 |
178560 |
177490 |
177100 |
178700 |
178800 |
180000 |
Back to list of tables
Table 3. Number of European countries implementing opioid agonist treatment, up to 2022
| Year |
Buprenorphine/naloxone combination |
Heroin assisted treatment (including pilots) |
High-dosage buprenorphine treatment |
Methadone maintenance treatment |
Opioid agonist treatment in prison |
Slow-release morphine |
| 1967 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
| 1968 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
| 1969 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1970 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
| 1971 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1972 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1973 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1974 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
| 1975 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
| 1976 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1977 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
| 1978 |
|
|
|
|
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|
| 1979 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1980 |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 1981 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1982 |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 1983 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1984 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1985 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
| 1986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1987 |
|
|
|
8 |
2 |
|
| 1988 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
| 1989 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
| 1990 |
|
|
|
11 |
4 |
|
| 1991 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
| 1992 |
|
|
|
15 |
6 |
|
| 1993 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
| 1994 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
| 1995 |
|
|
|
20 |
9 |
|
| 1996 |
|
|
1 |
22 |
|
|
| 1997 |
|
|
2 |
23 |
|
|
| 1998 |
|
1 |
3 |
26 |
10 |
1 |
| 1999 |
|
|
8 |
|
11 |
|
| 2000 |
|
|
10 |
|
14 |
|
| 2001 |
|
|
11 |
27 |
15 |
|
| 2002 |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
| 2003 |
|
3 |
15 |
|
|
|
| 2004 |
1 |
|
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 2005 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
3 |
| 2006 |
4 |
|
19 |
|
19 |
5 |
| 2007 |
7 |
|
20 |
|
|
|
| 2008 |
13 |
4 |
|
|
23 |
|
| 2009 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2010 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
| 2011 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
| 2012 |
17 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
| 2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2014 |
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
| 2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2017 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2019 |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
18 |
5 |
20 |
27 |
26 |
5 |
