Dashboard. Heroin market in Europe

This resource is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.

 

EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye.

Price and purity: mean national values – minimum, maximum and interquartile range. Countries vary by indicator.

Source data

The data used to generate infographics and charts on this page may be found below.

List of tables

Table 1. Age distribution of all clients entering treatment with heroin as their primary drug, 2010 and 2021 (%)
Age range <15 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
2010 0 3 13 20 20 17 14 8 3 1 0 0
2021 0 1 5 11 14 18 18 14 10 6 2 1
Table 2. Age distribution of never previously treated clients entering treatment with heroin as their primary drug, 2010 and 2021 (%)
Age range <15 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
2010 0 5 20 22 18 14 11 6 2 1 0 0
2021 0 2 11 17 17 16 14 10 8 3 1 1
Table 3. Treatment demand indicator (TDI) source data, European Drug Report, 2023. Percentages except where otherwise stated.
Country Males (%) Females (%) First- time Previously treated Unknown treatment status Age at first use (mean) Age at first treatment (mean) Daily (%) 4 to 6 days per week (%)  2 to 3 days per week (%)  Once a week or less (%) Not used in the last 30 days (%) Substance Injecting Smoking/inhaling Eating/drinking Sniffing Other
EU 83 17 54782 32157 10366 16 26 51 8 11 8 22 Cannabis          
EU 84 16 25426 25627 2508 23 33 27 13 23 16 21 Cocaine 2 28 2 68 1
EU 83 17 10112 39452 0 23 36 59 7 9 6 20 Heroin 30 51 1 17 1
EU 76 24 4963 4557 826 21 30 28 15 15 13 29 Amphetamine 7 8 15 70 0.3
EU 76 24 5214 5210 386 25 32 34 12 16 12 26 Methamphetamine 26 38 2 34 0.2
EU 84 16 352 276 61 25 30 28 15 23 22 12 Cathinones 29 9 5 57 35

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Table 6. Heroin market seizures source data
Scope Substance Type Number of seizures Quantity seized (tonnes)
EU Heroin   19000 9.5
EU+2 Heroin   34000 31.8

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Table 9. Price, purity data
Substance Type Retail price [low, 25%, 75%, high] (EUR/g) Wholesale price [low, 25%, 75%, high] (EUR/g) Purity/potency [low, 25%, 75%, high] (%)
Heroin   19,24,45,93 20160,,,31180 13,16,24,47
Table 9b. Heroin wholesale price range EUR
Substance Low High
Heroin 20160 31180

Not enough sample points were available to provide interquartile values for wholesale heroin prices.

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Table 11a. Proportion of the acute drug toxicity presentations with heroin involved in 2021
Country City lat,lon Hospital Year All presentations Heroin (%)
Belgium Antwerp 51.221,4.400 Antwerp 2021 670 5.5
Belgium Ghent 51.054,3.725 Ghent 2021 68 2.9
Bulgaria Sofia 42.698,23.322 Sofia 2021 30 16.7
Cyprus Nicosia 35.175,33.364 Nicosia 2021 8 0
Estonia Parnu 58.384,24.508 Parnu 2021 18 0
France Paris 48.853,2.348 Paris 2021 228 1.8
Germany Munich 48.137,11.575 Munich 2021 74 6.8
Ireland Drogheda 53.712,-6.333 Drogheda 2021 43 23.3
Ireland Dublin 53.350,-6.260 Dublin 2021 588 18.7
Italy Rozzano 45.383,9.154 Rozzano 2021 26 0
Latvia Riga 56.949,24.105 Riga 2021 41 2.4
Lithuania Vilnius 54.687,25.283 Vilnius 2021 142 4.9
Malta Msida 35.896,14.489 Msida 2021 568 19.4
Netherlands Amsterdam 52.373,4.892 Amsterdam 2021 492 3
Netherlands Utrecht 52.081,5.128 Utrecht 2021 21 4.8
Norway Oslo 59.913,10.739 Oslo OAEOC 2021 1562 29.5
Norway Oslo 59.913,10.739 Oslo OUH 2021 141 15.6
Poland Gdansk 54.371,18.613 Gdansk 2021 50 6
Romania Bucharest 44.436,26.103 Bucharest 2021 31 0
Slovakia Bratislava 48.152,17.109 Bratislava 2021 59 1.7
Slovenia Ljubljana 46.050,14.507 Ljubljana 2021 141 24.1
Spain Barcelona 41.383,2.177 Barcelona 2021 209 1
Spain Mallorca 39.613,2.883 Mallorca 2021 464 9.3

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Originally published in

European Drug Report 2023: Trends and Developments

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