Summary
A self-administered questionnaire and observer-rated scale for assessing opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms. It contains 13 physically observable signs, rated present or absent, based on a timed period of observation of the patient by a rater.
Physical signs and symptoms: yawning, rhinorrhoea, piloerection, lacrimation, mydriasis, tremors, hot/cold flushes, restlessness, vomiting, muscle twitches, abdominal cramps, and mild, moderate, or severe anxiety.
The tool is used for evaluation, screening and treatment.
Additional information
Handelsman L, Cochrane KJ, Aronson MJ, Ness R, Rubinstein KJ, Kanof PD. (1987) Two New Rating Scales for Opiate Withdrawal. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1987;13: 293-308.
Main subject