Data: lifetime and reason for closure of global darknet markets offering drugs

The darknet market ecosystem continues to consist of many short-lived markets. 

Data source: EMCDDA,  Web-IQ. 

Notes: Start and end dates: the dates of the first and last known sales/withdrawals. Closure type – the reason for a market shut-down. Market status last checked on 31 December 2023.

A visualisation of this data set was published as part of EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators — Technology and innovation.

Darknet markets
Market name Start date End date Status / reason for closure
The Farmer's Market 01/01/2010 01/03/2012 Raided
Silk Road 31/01/2011 02/10/2013 Raided
Black Market Reloaded 30/06/2011 02/12/2013 Hacked
Sheep Marketplace 28/02/2013 29/11/2013 Exit scam
Atlantis 26/03/2013 20/09/2013 Exit scam
BuyItNow 30/04/2013 17/02/2014 Voluntary exit
Deepbay 30/06/2013 04/11/2013 Exit scam
Budster 10/10/2013 20/10/2013 Exit scam
Project Black Flag 14/10/2013 28/10/2013 Exit scam
Pandora 21/10/2013 05/11/2014 Raided
Silk Road 2.0 06/11/2013 05/11/2014 Raided
TorMarket 07/11/2013 22/12/2013 Exit scam
BlackBox Market 12/11/2013 01/02/2014 Voluntary exit
Dream Market 15/11/2013 24/03/2019 Voluntary exit
The Marketplace 28/11/2013 09/11/2014 Voluntary exit
Pirate Market 29/11/2013 15/08/2014 Exit scam
FloMarket 01/12/2013 01/01/2014 Hacked
Black Market 02/12/2013 05/11/2014 Raided
FreeBay 02/12/2013 28/02/2014 Voluntary exit
Blue Sky 03/12/2013 05/11/2014 Raided
Agora 03/12/2013 06/09/2015 Voluntary exit
Tortuga 16/12/2013 05/01/2014 Voluntary exit
TorBay 18/12/2013 20/04/2014 Voluntary exit
White Rabbit 23/12/2013 01/02/2014 Exit scam
Outlaw Market 29/12/2013 23/05/2017 Unknown
GreyRoad 04/01/2014 01/02/2014 Voluntary exit
DrugList 08/01/2014 28/02/2014 Exit scam
Evolution 14/01/2014 18/03/2015 Exit scam
Doge Road 18/01/2014 13/03/2014 Exit scam
Cantina 20/01/2014 07/02/2014 Hacked
Tor Bazaar 26/01/2014 05/11/2014 Raided
DarkBay 30/01/2014 01/05/2014 Voluntary exit
Breaking Bad 01/02/2014 06/02/2014 Voluntary exit
TorEscrow 02/02/2014 19/04/2014 Exit scam
Black Goblin Market 03/02/2014 04/02/2014 Hacked
Cannabis Road 03/02/2014 07/02/2014 Hacked
Utopia 03/02/2014 11/02/2014 Raided
BlackBank Market 05/02/2014 18/05/2015 Exit scam
Cloud 9 11/02/2014 05/11/2014 Raided
Darknet Nation 19/02/2014 01/03/2014 Hacked
Sanitarium Market 20/02/2014 28/03/2014 Voluntary exit
Hansa Marketplace 09/03/2014 20/03/2014 Voluntary exit
Red Sun Marketplace 20/03/2014 23/03/2014 Hacked
EXXTACY 23/03/2014 24/03/2014 Hacked
Topix 25/03/2014 05/11/2014 Raided
Hydra 27/03/2014 05/11/2014 Raided
Cannabis Road 2 28/03/2014 25/08/2014 Hacked
Mr Nice Guy 29/03/2014 20/04/2014 Voluntary exit
Andromeda 05/04/2014 18/11/2014 Exit scam
Silk Street 08/04/2014 04/08/2014 Exit scam
Underground Market 09/04/2014 26/08/2014 Voluntary exit
Pigeon Market 14/04/2014 07/05/2014 Voluntary exit
1776 19/04/2014 02/10/2014 Voluntary exit
Alpaca 20/04/2014 05/11/2014 Raided
Tortuga 2 23/04/2014 17/06/2014 Voluntary exit
TOM 10/05/2014 18/12/2014 Exit scam
Deepzon 14/05/2014 13/07/2014 Voluntary exit
Onionshop 18/05/2014 17/09/2014 Hacked
Area51 20/06/2014 24/01/2015 Exit scam
Middle Earth Marketplace 22/06/2014 04/11/2015 Exit scam
Freedom Market 16/09/2014 25/09/2014 Voluntary exit
Cannabis Road 3 06/10/2014 05/11/2014 Exit scam
Diabolus/SR3 13/10/2014 12/02/2017 Unknown
Nucleus Marketplace 24/10/2014 13/04/2016 Exit scam
Panacea 27/10/2014 13/02/2015 Voluntary exit
Silk Road 3.1 10/12/2014 31/07/2017 Exit scam
Abraxas 13/12/2014 05/11/2015 Exit scam
AlphaBay 22/12/2014 28/06/2017 Raided
Silk Road Reloaded 13/01/2015 27/02/2016 Unknown
Free Market 14/01/2015 26/02/2015 Voluntary exit
T•chka 30/01/2015 28/11/2019 Exit scam
Crypto Market 14/02/2015 12/02/2017 Exit scam
Kiss 19/02/2015 16/05/2015 Unknown
Mr Nice Guy 2 21/02/2015 14/10/2015 Exit scam
Ironclad 17/03/2015 25/03/2015 Exit scam
The Majestic Garden 18/03/2015   Open
TheRealDeal 09/04/2015 22/10/2016 Unknown
Havana/Absolem 13/04/2015 22/05/2015 Hacked
Oxygen 16/04/2015 27/08/2015 Exit scam
East India Company 28/04/2015 01/01/2016 Exit scam
Haven 05/05/2015 06/06/2015 Exit scam
Zanzibar Spice 07/05/2015 14/06/2015 Voluntary exit
Anarchia 07/05/2015 09/05/2016 Unknown
Tornado 12/05/2015 20/05/2015 Unknown
Horizon Market 23/05/2015 08/07/2015 Exit scam
Agape 29/05/2015 04/06/2015 Voluntary exit
Poseidon 02/06/2015 29/06/2015 Exit scam
Amazon Dark 08/06/2015 25/10/2015 Exit scam
Simply Bear 20/06/2015 21/10/2015 Exit scam
Hansa 09/08/2015 20/07/2017 Raided
Valhalla 01/10/2015 01/02/2019 Raided
Hydra (2) 01/12/2015 05/04/2022 Raided
Acropolis 17/12/2015 22/06/2017 Voluntary exit
Apple Market 23/02/2016 21/07/2017 Unknown
House of Lions Market 14/03/2016 27/07/2017 Unknown
CGMC 07/06/2016 14/05/2019 Voluntary exit
Minerva 13/07/2016 22/06/2017 Unknown
TradeRoute 01/08/2016 15/10/2017 Exit scam
Wall Street Market 25/10/2016 16/04/2019 Raided
RSClub Market 27/10/2016 26/10/2017 Hacked
Berlusconi Market 01/11/2016 27/09/2019 Raided
Zion Market 01/12/2016 17/05/2018 Exit scam
OW Market 14/02/2017 01/05/2018 Unknown
Infinite Market 01/04/2017 08/05/2018 Unknown
Placemarket 13/04/2017 22/06/2017 Unknown
Libertas 14/10/2017 19/06/2019 Voluntary exit
Agora Reloaded 08/11/2017 01/01/2018 Hacked
Empire Market 01/02/2018 24/08/2020 Exit scam
Serpent Market 08/02/2018 01/08/2018 Unknown
Olympus Market 24/02/2018 05/09/2018 Exit scam
Apollon 09/03/2018   Open
Cannazon 21/03/2018 14/11/2021 Voluntary exit
Agartha Market 19/04/2018 23/03/2021 Hacked
Rapture Market 21/04/2018 17/11/2018 Exit scam
Cryptonia 06/10/2018 23/11/2019 Exit scam
DIabolus/SR3 12/10/2018 01/05/2019 Exit scam
Tor Market 23/11/2018   Open
Enigma Market 16/02/2019 12/04/2020 Voluntary exit
Yellow Brick Market 18/02/2019 11/01/2021 Exit scam
Nightmare 01/04/2019 24/11/2019 Exit scam
Dreamalt 01/04/2019 30/03/2020 Exit scam
Genesis 01/05/2019 24/08/2019 Exit scam
Dark Market 20/06/2019 12/12/2021 Raided
Grey 01/07/2019 01/12/2019 Exit scam
Samsara 06/07/2019 09/11/2019 Exit scam
Monopoly Market 13/07/2019 28/12/2021 Unknown
Big Blue Market 15/08/2019 08/04/2021 Exit scam
WhiteHouse Market (WHM) 24/08/2019 12/10/2021 Voluntary exit
Darkbey 03/09/2019 01/07/2020 Unknown
Silk Road 4 06/09/2019 06/01/2021 Exit scam
Cannahome Market 15/09/2019 26/04/2022 Voluntary exit
Metropolis market 04/10/2019 30/06/2021 Voluntary exit
Avaris 18/10/2019 09/03/2020 Exit scam
Avior 27/10/2019 01/05/2020 Exit scam
Versus Market 12/12/2019 22/05/2022 Voluntary exit
Cypher Market 09/02/2020   Open
Square Market 13/02/2020 01/09/2020 Exit scam
Black market 20/02/2020 14/06/2020 Exit scam
Darkfox market 24/02/2020   Open
Europa Market 25/02/2020 20/05/2020 Exit scam
ToRReZ Market 28/02/2020 17/12/2021 Voluntary exit
ASAP 25/03/2020 28/07/2023 Voluntary exit
Icarus Market 26/03/2020 09/09/2020 Unknown
DeepSea 08/04/2020 14/10/2020 Exit scam
Yakuza market 08/04/2020   Open
Babylon 16/04/2020   Open
Archetyp 17/05/2020   Open
Dark0de (aka Dark0de Reborn) 24/05/2020 23/02/2022 Exit scam
Vice City 25/05/2020 27/07/2023 Exit scam
Daeva market 14/06/2020 28/02/2021 Unknown
Cartel Market 15/06/2020 24/12/2021 Unknown
Hyper Market 21/06/2020 26/10/2020 Voluntary exit
Tor2door Market 03/07/2020 14/09/2023 Exit scam
Corona Market 07/07/2020 14/03/2021 Exit scam
Neptune market 14/07/2020 25/02/2021 Unknown
Potluck market 25/08/2020 18/01/2021 Voluntary exit
Invictus 27/08/2020   Open
Phoenix Market 02/09/2020 12/01/2021 Voluntary exit
LimeMarket 14/09/2020   Open
Aurora Market 02/11/2020 04/05/2021 Exit scam
World Market 09/11/2020 08/03/2022 Exit scam
Incognito 14/01/2021   Open
Libery 21/01/2021   Open
Revolution Market 01/04/2021 01/06/2022 Voluntary exit
Hermes 01/04/2021   Open
Kingdom Market 19/04/2021 19/12/2023 Raided
UnionMarket 24/04/2021   Open
MGM Grand Market 26/04/2021   Open
Bohemia 01/05/2021   Open
The Hive 24/05/2021   Open
Nemesis 26/05/2021   Open
Victory Market 01/06/2021   Open
Chiron 04/08/2021   Open
Ares 08/08/2021   Open
Alphabay 08/08/2021 28/11/2022 Exit scam
Evil Corp 17/08/2021   Open
Casio Market 16/09/2021   Open
Abacus (Alphabet) 28/09/2021   Open
Quest 20/10/2021   Open
Kerberos 02/02/2022   Open
Alien 08/02/2022 04/07/2022 Hacked
Black Pyramid 03/03/2022   Open
Lion Marketplace 10/03/2022   Open
Asur 11/03/2022   Open
Omicron 30/03/2022 23/07/2022 Hacked
Cosmos 04/04/2022   Open
GrandBazaar 01/05/2022   Open
Solaris 14/05/2022   Open
Holy Grail 30/05/2022   Open
Courier 01/07/2022   Open
Cloud 05/07/2022 24/12/2022 Voluntary exit
DarkDock 14/07/2022   Open
Mellow 01/09/2022 25/04/2023 Voluntary exit
TorZon 12/09/2022   Open
Sonanza 20/09/2022   Open
Cannabia 01/11/2022   Open
Apocalypse 16/12/2022   Open
High supply 31/03/2023 01/09/2023 Voluntary exit
Euphoria 30/05/2023   Open
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