MDMA – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023)

Cover of the European Drug Report 2023 MDMA

MDMA is a synthetic drug chemically related to the amphetamines, but with somewhat different effects. In Europe, MDMA use has generally been associated with episodic patterns of consumption in the context of nightlife and entertainment settings. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the drug situation for MDMA in Europe, including prevalence of use, seizures, price and purity and more. 

This page is part of the European Drug Report 2023, the EMCDDA's annual overview of the drug situation in Europe.

Last update: 16 June 2023

User awareness of MDMA product strength remains a concern

MDMA is a synthetic drug chemically related to the amphetamines, but with somewhat different effects. In Europe, MDMA use has generally been associated with episodic patterns of consumption in the context of nightlife and entertainment settings. Reported use of the drug appeared to decline temporarily during periods of social distancing during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The currently available data would, however, suggest an overall relatively stable level of consumption but with national variations in the recent trends observed and the caveat that overall supply side indicators are suggestive of a slight recent decline in availability. About half of the European cities reporting wastewater analysis found an increase in MDMA residues between 2021 and 2022, although in most other cities some decline was noted.

Overall, available indicators suggest that MDMA production continues within Europe, both for domestic consumption and for export to non-EU markets. The information available is strongly suggestive that most MDMA production continues to be largely concentrated in or around the Netherlands. There are some signs of a reduction in the volume being manufactured in the most recent data. An important caveat here is that this information mostly covers the first years of the pandemic and needs to be interpreted with caution. The number of MDMA laboratories dismantled in the European Union decreased in 2021 compared with 2020, while seizures of precursor chemicals for manufacturing MDMA increased in 2021. In 2021, the quantity of MDMA tablets seized in the European Union declined by a quarter and the quantity of MDMA powder seized declined slightly. In addition, while overall the average MDMA content of tablets and purity of powders remained stable in 2021, a recent decrease in the MDMA content of ecstasy tablets was noted in some important source countries, most notably the Netherlands.

With a typical MDMA content of 150 to 170 milligrams, the overall strength of tablets available on the retail marketplace still remains high by historical standards. It is difficult to interpret the more recent data with any certainty, but a possible decline in production volumes and some reductions noted in MDMA tablet content may indicate that producers have experienced greater problems sourcing precursor chemicals or that some producers may have switched to producing other substances, either because of market demand or because they are more profitable. It may also reflect a perceived consumer demand for lower-strength products.

The use of MDMA is rarely cited as a reason for entering drug treatment in Europe but acute poisonings and deaths are sometimes associated with the consumption of this substance. The use of MDMA therefore continues to represent an important issue for prevention and harm reduction messaging and interventions.

The availability of higher strength products potentially increases the risk of adverse health outcomes associated with the consumption of this substance. Interestingly, a decline in MDMA-related presentations by a quarter was observed in sentinel hospital emergency departments with data for 2020 and 2021. This data set, however, is difficult to interpret in respect to overall trends, as it is not nationally representative, has limited coverage and may reflect either changes in consumption or reporting during the pandemic.

While it is again difficult to generalise due to limitations in national and European coverage, the available information from drug checking services suggests that MDMA products are generally less subject to adulteration than other illicit drugs they screened in 2021. This does occur however, as illustrated by the inclusion of synthetic cathinones in MDMA tablets observed on some occasions. These sorts of mixtures may also increase the risk to consumers of experiencing unexpected adverse effects and potential harm.

Key data and trends

Prevalence of MDMA use

  • Surveys conducted by 26 EU countries between 2015 and 2022 suggest that 1.8 million young adults (15 to 34) used MDMA in the last year (1.8 % of this age group), with 2.0 % (0.9 million) of those aged 15 to 24 years estimated to have used MDMA in the last year.
  • No overall trend emerges from the data on MDMA use. Of the 11 European countries that undertook surveys since 2020 and provided confidence intervals, 1 reported higher estimates than their previous comparable survey, 9 reported stable estimates and 1 reported a decrease.
Dashboard. Prevalence of MDMA ('ecstasy') use in Europe

This data explorer enables you to view our data on the prevalence of MDMA use by recall period and age range. You can access data by country by clicking on the map or selecting a country from the dropdown menu.

 

Prevalence data presented here are based on general population surveys submitted to the EMCDDA by national focal points. For the latest data and detailed methodological information please see the Statistical Bulletin 2023: Prevalence of drug use.
Graphics showing the most recent data for a country are based on studies carried out between 2013 and 2022. Age ranges are 16–34 for Denmark, Estonia and Norway; 17–34 for Sweden; 18–34 for Germany, Greece, France and Hungary.

  • Of the 61 cities that have data on MDMA residues in municipal wastewater for 2021 and 2022, 28 reported an increase, 7 a stable situation and 26 a decrease. All of the 8 cities with data for both years had higher MDMA mass loads in 2022 than in 2011.
Figure. MDMA residues detected in wastewater in selected European cities: most recent data
 

Red = increase | Green = decrease | Yellow = stable, with respect to previous value | Blue = no previous data

Mean daily amounts of MDMA in milligrams per 1000 population. Sampling was carried out over a week in March and April 2022.
Taking into account statistical errors, values that differ less than 10% from the previous value are considered stable in this figure.
Source: Sewage Analysis Core Group Europe (SCORE).

Hospital presentations related to MDMA

  • MDMA was the seventh most common drug reported by Euro-DEN Plus hospitals in 2021, present in 5 % of acute drug toxicity presentations. Presentations involving MDMA decreased to 276 in 2021 (363 in 2020). Alcohol was co-used in most reported cases. The drugs most commonly found in association with MDMA were cocaine and cannabis, and in some centres also GHB/GBL, amphetamine and synthetic cathinones.

 

MDMA market data

  • In 2021, EU countries reported 10 000 seizures of MDMA (13 000 in 2020). Seizures of MDMA powder in the European Union amounted to 1.6 tonnes (1.6 tonnes in 2020) and seizures of MDMA tablets reached 3.5 million (4.7 million in 2020). Türkiye seized 7.6 million MDMA tablets in 2021 (11.1 million in 2020) (see the MDMA market infographic, below).
  • The Netherlands reported 12 MDMA laboratories in 2021 (21 in 2020), with Belgium reporting 2 and France 1. MDMA tableting sites were reported by Poland (2) and Spain (1). Seizures of MDMA precursors increased to 2.5 tonnes in 2021 compared with 2 tonnes in 2020.
  • The average MDMA content in tablets and the purity of powders remained stable in 2021, with MDMA tablets seized in Europe containing on average between 161 and 173 milligrams of MDMA, and the average purity of seized MDMA powders ranging from 42 % to 100 %. The Netherlands, however, reported a lower average MDMA content of ecstasy tablets (148 mg per tablet).
Infographic. MDMA market in Europe
 

EU+2 refers to EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye.

  • During the first half of 2022, the average amount of MDMA per tablet tested by drug checking services in 9 cities in 5 EU Member States was 152 milligrams (166 milligrams in the same period of 2021). The average purity of MDMA powder reported was 78 % (80 % in first half of 2021).
Figure. MDMA purity or content of samples submitted to drug checking services in 2021 and 2022 (percent)
 

Source data

The data used to generate infographics and charts on this page may be found below.

List of tables

Table. Prevalence of drug use in Europe, based on most recent general population surveys (2021 or most recent year)
Country Country code Survey year Prevalence (%) Substance Recall period Age Sample size Males (%) Females (%)
Austria AT 2020 22.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4650 24.8 20.6
Austria AT 2020 27.2 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1712 26.8 27.6
Austria AT 2020 6.3 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 4650 6.8 5.8
Austria AT 2020 11.1 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1712 10.7 11.4
Austria AT 2020 3.6 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 4650 4 3.1
Austria AT 2020 6.8 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1712 7.4 6.2
Austria AT 2022 6.2 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5162 7.2 5.1
Austria AT 2022 6.9 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1792 7.4 6.4
Austria AT 2022 1.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 5162 2 1.1
Austria AT 2022 2.2 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1792 2.7 1.8
Austria AT 2022 0.8 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 5162 1.1 0.5
Austria AT 2022 1 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1792 1.1 0.8
Austria AT 2022 4.5 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5162 5.3 3.6
Austria AT 2022 5.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1792 6.9 3.7
Austria AT 2022 0.9 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 5162 1.2 0.6
Austria AT 2022 1.4 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1792 1.7 1.1
Austria AT 2022 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 5162 0.6 0.3
Austria AT 2022 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1792 0.5 0.5
Austria AT 2022 4.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5162 5.4 4.5
Austria AT 2022 6.2 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1792 6.9 5.3
Austria AT 2022 1 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 5162 1.2 0.7
Austria AT 2022 1.5 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1792 1.8 1.2
Austria AT 2022 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 5162 0.5 0.4
Austria AT 2022 0.8 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1792 0.9 0.7
Austria AT 2015 1.7 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3477 1.6 1.7
Austria AT 2015 1.4 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1837 1.5 1.4
Austria AT 2015 0.3 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 3477 0.3 0.3
Austria AT 2015 0.3 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1837 0.3 0.3
Austria AT 2015 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 3477 0.1 0
Austria AT 2015 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1837 0.2 0
Austria AT 2020 94.9 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4650 95.4 94.3
Austria AT 2020 90.1 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1712 89.7 90.4
Austria AT 2020 85.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 4650 86.2 84.4
Austria AT 2020 76.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1712 76.4 77.2
Austria AT 2020 77.2 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 4650 79.8 74.5
Austria AT 2020 67.4 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1712 68.9 65.7
Austria AT 2020 72.9 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4650 73.5 72.4
Austria AT 2020 63.9 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1712 62 66
Austria AT 2015 37.5 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 3477 40.4 34.6
Austria AT 2015 41.6 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1837 42 41.2
Austria AT 2020 26.1 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 4650 27.3 24.8
Austria AT 2020 29.9 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1712 31.6 28.2
Belgium BE 2018 22.6 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3954 28.1 17.3
Belgium BE 2018 32.8 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 772 39 26.6
Belgium BE 2018 7 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 3954 10.4 3.7
Belgium BE 2018 13.6 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 772 19.5 7.8
Belgium BE 2018 4.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 3954 6.7 1.9
Belgium BE 2018 8.1 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 772 12.2 4
Belgium BE 2018 1.4 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 3954 2.2 0.5
Belgium BE 2018 2.9 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 772 4.7 1.1
Belgium BE 2018 0.5 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 3954 0.8 0.1
Belgium BE 2018 0.8 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 772 1.4 0.3
Belgium BE 2018 1.2 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 3954 1.9 0.5
Belgium BE 2018 2.5 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 772 3.9 1.1
Belgium BE 2013 0 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 4931 0 0
Belgium BE 2013 0 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1660 0 0.1
Belgium BE 2008 82.1 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 6792 85 79.4
Belgium BE 2008 78.4 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 2550 81.6 75.4
Belgium BE 2008 47.7 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 6792 53 42.6
Belgium BE 2008 38.5 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2550 42.5 34.7
Belgium BE 2008 27.7 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 6792 31.6 24.1
Belgium BE 2008 27 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 2550 32 22.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 8.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 9.5 7.8
Bulgaria BG 2020 17.9 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 18.2 17.6
Bulgaria BG 2020 2.4 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 2.6 2.2
Bulgaria BG 2020 5.9 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 5.7 6.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 1 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 1 1.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 2.4 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 1.7 3.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 2 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 2.5 1.5
Bulgaria BG 2020 3.7 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 3.6 3.9
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.6 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 0.7 0.5
Bulgaria BG 2020 1.3 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 1.3 1.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 0.2 0.2
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.4 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 0.4 0.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 2.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 2.6 1.7
Bulgaria BG 2020 4.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 4.4 4.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.7 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 0.8 0.6
Bulgaria BG 2020 1.4 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 1 1.8
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 0.3 0.2
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 0.6 0.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 1.3 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 1.3 1.2
Bulgaria BG 2020 2.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 1.7 3.6
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 0.2 0.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.7 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 0.4 0.9
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 0.2 0
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 0.4 0
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 0.3 0.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.4 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 0.4 0.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 0 0.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 0.2 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 0 0.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 0 0
Bulgaria BG 2020 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 0 0
Bulgaria BG 2020 82.2 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 88.5 76.4
Bulgaria BG 2020 78.4 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 83.6 73.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 74.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 82 67.2
Bulgaria BG 2020 71.3 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 78.3 64.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 63.7 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 74.1 54.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 60 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 66.1 54
Bulgaria BG 2020 65.9 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3838 69.9 62.3
Bulgaria BG 2020 63.2 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1401 64.3 62.1
Bulgaria BG 2020 50.6 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 3838 53.9 47.6
Bulgaria BG 2020 51 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1401 51.1 50.9
Bulgaria BG 2020 49.1 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 3838 52.6 45.9
Bulgaria BG 2020 49.3 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1401 49.8 48.9
Croatia HR 2019 22.9 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 28.8 16.9
Croatia HR 2019 36 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 42.5 29.2
Croatia HR 2019 10.2 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 14.2 6.2
Croatia HR 2019 20.3 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 26.8 13.4
Croatia HR 2019 5.6 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 8.1 3.1
Croatia HR 2019 11.3 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 16 6.5
Croatia HR 2019 4.8 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 7 2.5
Croatia HR 2019 7.5 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 10.4 4.4
Croatia HR 2019 1.8 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 2.8 0.9
Croatia HR 2019 3.9 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 5.9 1.8
Croatia HR 2019 0.9 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 1.4 0.4
Croatia HR 2019 1.7 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 2.7 0.7
Croatia HR 2019 4.6 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 6.8 2.4
Croatia HR 2019 7.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 10.4 4.3
Croatia HR 2019 1.8 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 2.6 1
Croatia HR 2019 3.5 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 5 1.9
Croatia HR 2019 0.9 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 1.3 0.5
Croatia HR 2019 1.4 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 1.9 0.8
Croatia HR 2019 4.2 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 6.1 2.4
Croatia HR 2019 6.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 9.6 3.6
Croatia HR 2019 1.2 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 1.9 0.5
Croatia HR 2019 2.6 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 4.2 0.8
Croatia HR 2019 0.4 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 0.6 0.2
Croatia HR 2019 0.7 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 1.2 0.2
Croatia HR 2019 1.4 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 2 0.9
Croatia HR 2019 1.9 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 2.4 1.5
Croatia HR 2019 0.3 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 0.5 0.2
Croatia HR 2019 0.6 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 0.7 0.5
Croatia HR 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 0.3 0
Croatia HR 2019 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 0.1 0
Croatia HR 2019 90.9 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 94.1 87.6
Croatia HR 2019 92.8 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 93.4 92.1
Croatia HR 2019 83.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 87.5 79
Croatia HR 2019 89 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 90.3 87.6
Croatia HR 2019 62.9 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 71.6 54.2
Croatia HR 2019 69.4 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 74.1 64.5
Croatia HR 2019 60.6 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4994 65.2 56.1
Croatia HR 2019 62 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1967 65.3 58.6
Croatia HR 2019 44 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 4994 46.8 41.2
Croatia HR 2019 50.6 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1967 54.1 47
Croatia HR 2019 41.5 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 4994 44 39
Croatia HR 2019 46.5 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1967 49.5 43.4
Cyprus CY 2019 14.1 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 21.5 7.1
Cyprus CY 2019 22.4 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 32.2 12.7
Cyprus CY 2019 4 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 6.4 1.7
Cyprus CY 2019 8.1 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 12.6 3.8
Cyprus CY 2019 2.2 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 3.6 0.8
Cyprus CY 2019 4.4 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 6.9 1.9
Cyprus CY 2019 1.8 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 3.1 0.6
Cyprus CY 2019 3 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 4.9 1.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 0.9 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.9 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 1.5 0.3
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 0.3 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.3 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.5 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 0.6 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.8 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 0.2 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.2 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.4 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 0.2 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.1 0
Cyprus CY 2019 1.2 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 1.9 0.4
Cyprus CY 2019 1.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 3.1 0.8
Cyprus CY 2019 0.3 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 0.5 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.4 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.6 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 0.3 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.3 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.4 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.7 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 1.4 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 1 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 1.8 0.1
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 0.2 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.3 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 0.1 0
Cyprus CY 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 0.1 0
Cyprus CY 2019 80.3 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 87.8 73.1
Cyprus CY 2019 83.5 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 87.8 79.2
Cyprus CY 2019 74.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 83.7 65.7
Cyprus CY 2019 79.9 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 86.1 73.7
Cyprus CY 2019 62.1 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 74.6 50.3
Cyprus CY 2019 65.6 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 74.4 56.9
Cyprus CY 2019 54.8 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3511 70.5 40
Cyprus CY 2019 55.1 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1572 66.5 43.8
Cyprus CY 2019 38.7 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 3511 50.8 27.3
Cyprus CY 2019 43.3 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1572 55.1 31.7
Cyprus CY 2019 37.9 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 3511 49.8 26.8
Cyprus CY 2019 42.2 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1572 53.9 30.7
Czechia CZ 2020 29.9 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2701 38.2 21.3
Czechia CZ 2020 44.1 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 927 56.7 30.8
Czechia CZ 2020 11.1 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 2701 15.9 6.2
Czechia CZ 2020 22.9 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 927 31.9 13.3
Czechia CZ 2020 6.8 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 2701 10.8 2.6
Czechia CZ 2020 13.9 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 927 22.1 5.3
Czechia CZ 2020 2.7 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2701 3.8 1.4
Czechia CZ 2020 4.5 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 927 6.5 2.4
Czechia CZ 2020 0.9 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 2701 1.3 0.5
Czechia CZ 2020 1.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 927 2.7 0.9
Czechia CZ 2020 0.1 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 2701 0.1 0.2
Czechia CZ 2020 0.3 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 927 0.2 0.4
Czechia CZ 2020 3.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2701 4.9 1.9
Czechia CZ 2020 6.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 927 8.8 3.3
Czechia CZ 2020 0.9 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 2701 1.3 0.5
Czechia CZ 2020 2 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 927 2.7 1.3
Czechia CZ 2020 0.3 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 2701 0.6 0
Czechia CZ 2020 0.6 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 927 1.3 0
Czechia CZ 2020 9.1 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2701 12.1 6
Czechia CZ 2020 18.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 927 24.2 12.6
Czechia CZ 2020 1.9 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 2701 2.5 1.1
Czechia CZ 2020 4.7 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 927 6.3 3.1
Czechia CZ 2020 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 2701 0.4 0.5
Czechia CZ 2020 1.3 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 927 1.1 1.6
Czechia CZ 2020 2.6 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2701 3.3 1.9
Czechia CZ 2020 5.2 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 927 6.3 4
Czechia CZ 2020 0.8 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 2701 0.9 0.7
Czechia CZ 2020 1.8 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 927 2.1 1.6
Czechia CZ 2020 0.2 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 2701 0.3 0.1
Czechia CZ 2020 0.4 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 927 0.8 0
Czechia CZ 2012 84 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 2108 88.8 79.4
Czechia CZ 2012 83.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 824 86.2 81.4
Czechia CZ 2012 69.9 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 2108 78.4 61.5
Czechia CZ 2012 68.8 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 824 73.7 63.8
Czechia CZ 2012 68.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2108 75 61.7
Czechia CZ 2012 70.4 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 824 72.1 68.6
Czechia CZ 2012 40.7 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 2108 46.5 35
Czechia CZ 2012 47.1 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 824 51.3 42.7
Czechia CZ 2012 34.4 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 2108 40.3 28.6
Czechia CZ 2012 37.2 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 824 42.5 31.7
Denmark DK 2021 37.9 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7378 44 32
Denmark DK 2021 42.6 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2274 46.9 38.2
Denmark DK 2021 6.3 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 7378 8.3 4.3
Denmark DK 2021 12 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 2274 15.1 9
Denmark DK 2021 2.9 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 7378 4 1.8
Denmark DK 2021 4.7 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 2274 6.4 3.1
Denmark DK 2021 8.1 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7378 11 5.3
Denmark DK 2021 11 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2274 13.8 8.1
Denmark DK 2021 1.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 7378 2.2 0.8
Denmark DK 2021 2.9 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 2274 3.9 1.9
Denmark DK 2021 0.4 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 7378 0.7 0.2
Denmark DK 2021 0.7 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 2274 1 0.4
Denmark DK 2021 7.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7378 11 4.9
Denmark DK 2021 8.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2274 10.4 5.8
Denmark DK 2021 0.7 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 7378 1.3 0.2
Denmark DK 2021 1.4 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 2274 2.2 0.6
Denmark DK 2021 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 7378 0.4 0.1
Denmark DK 2021 0.3 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 2274 0.5 0.2
Denmark DK 2021 4 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7378 5.4 2.6
Denmark DK 2021 5.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2274 7.9 4
Denmark DK 2021 0.5 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 7378 0.7 0.4
Denmark DK 2021 1.2 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 2274 1.5 0.9
Denmark DK 2021 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 7378 0.1 0.1
Denmark DK 2021 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 2274 0.1 0.1
Denmark DK 2021 2.3 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7378 3.6 1.1
Denmark DK 2021 3.3 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2274 5.2 1.5
Denmark DK 2021 0.2 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 7378 0.3 0.1
Denmark DK 2021 0.4 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 2274 0.6 0.3
Denmark DK 2021 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 7378 0 0.1
Denmark DK 2021 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 2274 0 0.2
Estonia EE 2018 24.5 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 30.8 20.3
Estonia EE 2018 46 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 52.5 41.5
Estonia EE 2018 6.6 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 9.2 4.8
Estonia EE 2018 16.6 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 22.7 12.4
Estonia EE 2018 2.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 2234 3.5 1.5
Estonia EE 2018 5.7 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 757 9 3.4
Estonia EE 2018 5 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 7 3.7
Estonia EE 2018 8.6 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 10.4 7.3
Estonia EE 2018 1 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 1.3 0.8
Estonia EE 2018 2.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 3.2 2.5
Estonia EE 2018 0.3 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 2234 0.6 0.1
Estonia EE 2018 0.7 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 757 1.3 0.2
Estonia EE 2018 6.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 8.6 4.4
Estonia EE 2018 9.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 12 7.1
Estonia EE 2018 0.9 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 1.7 0.5
Estonia EE 2018 2.1 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 3.9 0.9
Estonia EE 2018 0.4 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 2234 0.9 0.1
Estonia EE 2018 0.8 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 757 1.9 0
Estonia EE 2018 5.4 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 7.5 4
Estonia EE 2018 10.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 14.4 8.5
Estonia EE 2018 1 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 1.5 0.6
Estonia EE 2018 2.5 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 3.5 1.8
Estonia EE 2018 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 2234 0.4 0.1
Estonia EE 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 757 1 0.2
Estonia EE 2018 1.9 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 2.9 1.2
Estonia EE 2018 4.2 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 6.7 2.5
Estonia EE 2018 0.7 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 1 0.5
Estonia EE 2018 1.7 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 2.3 1.4
Estonia EE 2018 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 2234 0.2 0.1
Estonia EE 2018 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 757 0 0.2
Estonia EE 2018 85.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 88.4 83.4
Estonia EE 2018 84.4 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 86.2 83.2
Estonia EE 2018 55.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2234 66.3 47.8
Estonia EE 2018 53.8 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 757 60.5 49.2
Estonia EE 2018 26.2 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 2234 34.7 20.3
Estonia EE 2018 27.3 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 757 34.3 22.3
Finland FI 2018 25.6 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 29.8 21.3
Finland FI 2018 35.3 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 38.6 32
Finland FI 2018 8.2 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 11.2 5.2
Finland FI 2018 15.5 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 20.1 10.9
Finland FI 2018 3.4 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 5 1.8
Finland FI 2018 6.2 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 8.6 3.6
Finland FI 2018 3.2 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 4.8 1.5
Finland FI 2018 4.4 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 6.1 2.6
Finland FI 2018 0.9 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 1.4 0.5
Finland FI 2018 1.5 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 2.1 0.9
Finland FI 2018 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 0.4 0.1
Finland FI 2018 0.3 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 0.5 0.1
Finland FI 2018 4.7 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 6.8 2.6
Finland FI 2018 6.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 9.2 4.5
Finland FI 2018 1.7 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 2.5 0.9
Finland FI 2018 3 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 4.5 1.5
Finland FI 2018 0.6 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 0.7 0.4
Finland FI 2018 0.7 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 0.8 0.6
Finland FI 2018 5 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 6.7 3.3
Finland FI 2018 8.1 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 10.2 6
Finland FI 2018 1.4 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 1.9 0.8
Finland FI 2018 2.6 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 3.9 1.3
Finland FI 2018 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 0.4 0
Finland FI 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 0.8 0.1
Finland FI 2018 3 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 4.6 1.4
Finland FI 2018 5 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 7.5 2.4
Finland FI 2018 0.8 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 1.4 0.2
Finland FI 2018 2 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 3.4 0.6
Finland FI 2018 0.2 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 0.3 0
Finland FI 2018 0.4 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 0.8 0
Finland FI 2018 92.3 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 92.2 92.5
Finland FI 2018 88.2 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 87.5 89.3
Finland FI 2018 84.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 2957 86.4 82.5
Finland FI 2018 82.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1515 83.3 82.7
Finland FI 2018 70 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 2957 75.4 64.6
Finland FI 2018 66.8 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1515 69.6 64.1
Finland FI 2018 52.1 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2957 57.7 46.4
Finland FI 2018 47.2 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1515 51.1 43.4
France FR 2021 47.3 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 18298 54.9 39.9
France FR 2021 54.5 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5255 60.4 48.8
France FR 2021 10.6 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 18298 14.2 7.2
France FR 2021 19.2 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 5255 24.7 13.7
France FR 2021 5.9 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 18298 8.3 3.5
France FR 2021 10.3 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 5255 13.9 6.7
France FR 2017 5.6 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 20665 8.1 3.2
France FR 2017 7.9 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5994 10.6 5.3
France FR 2017 1.6 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 20665 2.3 0.9
France FR 2017 3.2 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 5994 4.3 2.1
France FR 2017 2.2 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 20665 3.2 1.2
France FR 2017 3.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5994 4.5 1.7
France FR 2017 0.3 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 20665 0.5 0.1
France FR 2017 0.6 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 5994 1 0.2
France FR 2017 3.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 20665 5.7 2.1
France FR 2017 5.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5994 7.9 3.4
France FR 2017 0.6 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 20665 0.8 0.3
France FR 2017 1.3 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 5994 1.8 0.8
France FR 2017 2.7 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 20665 4 1.4
France FR 2017 3.7 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5994 5 2.4
France FR 2017 0.4 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 20665 0.5 0.2
France FR 2017 0.8 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 5994 1.1 0.5
France FR 2014 94.9 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 13488 96.3 93.5
France FR 2014 91.9 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4529 94.3 89.6
France FR 2014 85.8 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 13488 88.5 83.2
France FR 2014 82.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 4529 87.6 78
France FR 2017 76.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 20665 80.5 72.3
France FR 2017 75 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 5994 79.1 71
France FR 2017 35.7 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 20665 39.1 32.4
France FR 2017 43.1 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 5994 48.2 38.2
Germany DE 2021 34.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 38.9 30.2
Germany DE 2021 45.6 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 50.1 40.8
Germany DE 2021 8.8 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 10.7 6.8
Germany DE 2021 17.2 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 19.8 14.3
Germany DE 2021 4.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 5.7 2.9
Germany DE 2021 8.4 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 10.5 6.1
Germany DE 2021 5.6 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 7.1 4
Germany DE 2021 6.9 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 8.4 5.4
Germany DE 2021 1.6 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 2.1 1.1
Germany DE 2021 3.1 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 3.9 2.2
Germany DE 2021 0.6 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 0.8 0.4
Germany DE 2021 0.9 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 1.2 0.6
Germany DE 2021 6.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 7.7 4.4
Germany DE 2021 7.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 9.7 5.9
Germany DE 2021 1.4 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 1.5 1.3
Germany DE 2021 2.9 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 3.4 2.4
Germany DE 2021 0.7 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 0.7 0.7
Germany DE 2021 1.3 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 1.6 1
Germany DE 2021 5.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 7.1 4
Germany DE 2021 8 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 9.7 6.3
Germany DE 2021 1 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 1.4 0.7
Germany DE 2021 2.7 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 3.8 1.6
Germany DE 2021 0.4 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 0.4 0.3
Germany DE 2021 0.8 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 1.2 0.4
Germany DE 2021 3.4 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 4.8 2
Germany DE 2021 4.4 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 6 2.6
Germany DE 2021 0.6 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 0.8 0.4
Germany DE 2021 1.5 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 2.1 0.9
Germany DE 2021 0.2 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 0.2 0.2
Germany DE 2021 0.3 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 0.5 0.1
Germany DE 2021 95.3 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 95.8 94.8
Germany DE 2021 93.2 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 93.8 92.6
Germany DE 2021 84.7 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 86.5 82.8
Germany DE 2021 83.3 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 86 80.4
Germany DE 2021 70.5 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 74.8 66
Germany DE 2021 68.4 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 73.1 63.3
Germany DE 2021 47.1 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9046 51.8 42.3
Germany DE 2021 35.3 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 4103 41.2 29.1
Germany DE 2021 25.2 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 9046 28.9 21.5
Germany DE 2021 26.6 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 4103 32.2 20.7
Germany DE 2021 22.7 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 9046 25.7 19.5
Germany DE 2021 23.1 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 4103 28.5 17.5
Greece EL 2015 11 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 15.8 6.3
Greece EL 2015 10.6 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 12 9
Greece EL 2015 2.8 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 1519 4.1 1.6
Greece EL 2015 4.5 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 464 5.4 3.6
Greece EL 2015 1.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 1519 1.7 0.8
Greece EL 2015 2 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 464 1.7 2.3
Greece EL 2015 1.3 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 1.9 0.8
Greece EL 2015 1.3 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 1.2 1.4
Greece EL 2015 0.4 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 1519 0.5 0.3
Greece EL 2015 0.6 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 464 0.8 0.5
Greece EL 2015 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 1519 0.4 0
Greece EL 2015 0.2 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 464 0.4 0
Greece EL 2015 0.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 0.9 0.3
Greece EL 2015 0.4 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 0.4 0.5
Greece EL 2015 0.2 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 1519 0.3 0.1
Greece EL 2015 0.4 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 464 0.4 0.5
Greece EL 2015 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 1519 0.1 0
Greece EL 2015 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 464 0.4 0
Greece EL 2015 0.5 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 0.8 0.3
Greece EL 2015 0.2 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 0 0.5
Greece EL 2015 0 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 1519 0 0
Greece EL 2015 0 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 464 0 0
Greece EL 2015 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 1519 0 0
Greece EL 2015 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 464 0 0
Greece EL 2015 97.6 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 99.3 95.8
Greece EL 2015 98.9 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 99.6 98.2
Greece EL 2015 92 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 1519 95.1 89
Greece EL 2015 96.6 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 464 97.5 95.5
Greece EL 2015 65.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1519 70.4 60.2
Greece EL 2015 57.1 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 464 57.9 56.3
Greece EL 2015 41.1 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 1519 42.1 40
Greece EL 2015 38.1 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 464 38.8 37.4
Hungary HU 2019 6.1 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 8.4 4
Hungary HU 2019 10.8 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 15.3 6.5
Hungary HU 2019 1.3 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 2 0.6
Hungary HU 2019 3.4 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 5.4 1
Hungary HU 2019 0.9 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 1.5 0.4
Hungary HU 2019 2.6 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 4.5 0.5
Hungary HU 2019 1.7 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 1.8 1.5
Hungary HU 2019 2.6 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 3.5 1.5
Hungary HU 2019 0.3 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 0.5 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 0.6 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 1.5 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 0.3 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 0.4 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 1 0
Hungary HU 2019 1.5 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 2 1.2
Hungary HU 2019 2.6 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 4 1
Hungary HU 2019 0.4 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 0.5 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 0.8 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 1.5 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.3 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 0.5 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 0.6 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 1.5 0
Hungary HU 2019 2.5 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 3.3 1.9
Hungary HU 2019 4.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 7.4 2
Hungary HU 2019 0.6 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 1.2 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 1.1 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 2.5 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.4 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 0.7 0.3
Hungary HU 2019 0.9 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 2 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.9 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 1.3 0.6
Hungary HU 2019 1.4 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 3 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 0.3 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.4 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 1 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 0.3 0
Hungary HU 2019 0.4 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 1 0
Hungary HU 2019 70.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 1385 84.6 57.2
Hungary HU 2019 72 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 442 83 60.4
Hungary HU 2019 52 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 1385 72.4 34
Hungary HU 2019 54.3 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 442 72.1 36.2
Hungary HU 2019 53.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1385 62.3 45.3
Hungary HU 2019 51.9 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 442 57.3 46.5
Hungary HU 2015 36.5 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 2274 45.6 28.6
Hungary HU 2015 35 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1534 41.9 28.9
Ireland IE 2019 24.4 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64)   29.5 19.3
Ireland IE 2019 27.3 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 7.1 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64)   9.9 4.4
Ireland IE 2019 13.8 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 3.4 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64)   5 2
Ireland IE 2019 6.5 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 8.3 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64)   11.6 5.1
Ireland IE 2019 10.6 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 2.3 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64)   3.5 1.2
Ireland IE 2019 4.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 0.7 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64)   1.3 0.2
Ireland IE 2019 1.5 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 4.8 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64)   7.3 2.2
Ireland IE 2019 5.6 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64)   1.5 0.5
Ireland IE 2019 2.3 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 0.3 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64)   0.4 0.1
Ireland IE 2019 0.7 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 10.3 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64)   14.8 6
Ireland IE 2019 13.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 2.7 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64)   3.9 1.6
Ireland IE 2019 6.5 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 1.3 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64)   1.9 0.6
Ireland IE 2019 3.1 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 5.7 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64)   8.7 2.8
Ireland IE 2019 6.6 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 1.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64)   1.8 0.3
Ireland IE 2019 2.4 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 0.5 LSD Last month Adults (15-64)   0.9 0.1
Ireland IE 2019 1.3 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 83 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64)   84.5 81.6
Ireland IE 2019 80.3 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 77.7 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64)   79.8 75.6
Ireland IE 2019 76.5 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 65.3 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64)   68.6 62.1
Ireland IE 2019 63.2 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 42.4 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64)   46.2 38.7
Ireland IE 2019 32.7 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 22.3 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64)   26 18.7
Ireland IE 2019 25.6 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34)      
Ireland IE 2019 19.5 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64)   23.5 15.5
Ireland IE 2019 21 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34)      
Italy IT 2017 32.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 39.1 26.4
Italy IT 2017 41.4 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 44.8 37.7
Italy IT 2017 10.2 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 12.6 7.8
Italy IT 2017 20.9 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 24.2 17.5
Italy IT 2017 5.5 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 7.4 3.6
Italy IT 2017 11.6 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 14.9 8.2
Italy IT 2017 6.9 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 8.9 4.8
Italy IT 2017 6.4 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 7.8 5
Italy IT 2017 1.2 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 1.5 0.9
Italy IT 2017 1.7 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 1.8 1.7
Italy IT 2017 0.4 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 0.6 0.2
Italy IT 2017 0.5 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 0.7 0.2
Italy IT 2017 2.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 3.1 1.8
Italy IT 2017 1.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 2.6 1.2
Italy IT 2017 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 0.1 0.1
Italy IT 2017 0.3 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 0.4 0.2
Italy IT 2017 0 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 0 0
Italy IT 2017 0 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 0 0.1
Italy IT 2017 2.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 3.4 2
Italy IT 2017 3.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 4.5 3.3
Italy IT 2017 0.4 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 0.4 0.3
Italy IT 2017 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 1 0.6
Italy IT 2017 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 0.1 0
Italy IT 2017 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 0.2 0
Italy IT 2017 1.7 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 2.1 1.4
Italy IT 2017 1.3 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 1.4 1.1
Italy IT 2017 0.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 0.1 0.1
Italy IT 2017 0.1 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 0.1 0.1
Italy IT 2017 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 0 0
Italy IT 2017 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 0 0
Italy IT 2017 91.6 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 95.5 87.7
Italy IT 2017 93.3 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 93.2 93.5
Italy IT 2017 83.7 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 90.3 77.1
Italy IT 2017 87.7 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 89.3 86
Italy IT 2017 75.1 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 83 67.3
Italy IT 2017 76.5 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 79.3 73.6
Italy IT 2017 60.2 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 10502 63.1 57.4
Italy IT 2017 55 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 2937 54.2 55.9
Italy IT 2017 27.3 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 10502 29 25.6
Italy IT 2017 34.9 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 2937 36.4 33.3
Italy IT 2017 22.5 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 10502 23.7 21.2
Italy IT 2017 28.2 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 2937 29 27.4
Latvia LV 2020 15 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 22 8.2
Latvia LV 2020 23.2 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 30.3 15.6
Latvia LV 2020 3.9 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 6.1 1.8
Latvia LV 2020 8.2 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 12 4.3
Latvia LV 2020 2.1 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 3.4 0.9
Latvia LV 2020 4.4 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 6.7 1.8
Latvia LV 2020 2.7 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 4.1 1.5
Latvia LV 2020 4.2 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 5.4 2.9
Latvia LV 2020 1.3 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 1.7 0.9
Latvia LV 2020 2.2 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 2.7 1.7
Latvia LV 2020 1.1 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 1.3 0.8
Latvia LV 2020 2 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 2.4 1.7
Latvia LV 2020 1.8 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 2.5 1.2
Latvia LV 2020 2.6 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 3 2.2
Latvia LV 2020 0.6 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 0.8 0.4
Latvia LV 2020 1.2 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 1.4 0.9
Latvia LV 2020 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 0.7 0.3
Latvia LV 2020 0.9 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 1.1 0.8
Latvia LV 2020 1.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 2.7 1.2
Latvia LV 2020 3.4 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 4 2.8
Latvia LV 2020 0.7 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 0.9 0.5
Latvia LV 2020 1.6 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 1.9 1.4
Latvia LV 2020 0.6 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 0.8 0.4
Latvia LV 2020 1.3 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 1.5 1
Latvia LV 2020 1.4 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 2.1 0.7
Latvia LV 2020 2.5 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 3.5 1.4
Latvia LV 2020 0.6 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 1 0.3
Latvia LV 2020 1.4 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 2.1 0.6
Latvia LV 2020 0.4 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 0.5 0.2
Latvia LV 2020 0.9 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 1.2 0.5
Latvia LV 2020 91.1 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 92.2 90
Latvia LV 2020 83.7 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 84.9 82.3
Latvia LV 2020 77.1 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 79.6 74.8
Latvia LV 2020 71.3 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 74.9 67.4
Latvia LV 2015 54.6 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 4513 71.1 38.9
Latvia LV 2020 75.4 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4616 86.8 64.5
Latvia LV 2020 72.4 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1627 79.9 64.4
Latvia LV 2020 38.1 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 4616 52.2 24.5
Latvia LV 2020 36 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1627 47.4 23.8
Latvia LV 2020 36.1 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 4616 49.8 23
Latvia LV 2020 33.9 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1627 44.7 22.3
Lithuania LT 2021 13.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 20.7 6.8
Lithuania LT 2021 23.3 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 31.2 14.5
Lithuania LT 2021 4.3 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 6.7 1.9
Lithuania LT 2021 8.8 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 12.6 4.6
Lithuania LT 2021 1.5 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 2.7 0.3
Lithuania LT 2021 3 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 4.8 0.9
Lithuania LT 2021 1.8 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 2.9 0.6
Lithuania LT 2021 2.9 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 4 1.6
Lithuania LT 2021 0.6 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 1.2 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 1.6 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.4 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 0.8 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.4 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 0.8 0
Lithuania LT 2021 1.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 2.6 0.3
Lithuania LT 2021 2.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 4.6 0.9
Lithuania LT 2021 0.2 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 0.4 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.6 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 1.1 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 0.1 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 0.2 0
Lithuania LT 2021 1.8 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 3.1 0.5
Lithuania LT 2021 3.3 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 5.5 1
Lithuania LT 2021 0.4 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 0.8 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 1.5 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 0.2 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 0.4 0
Lithuania LT 2021 1 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 1.9 0.1
Lithuania LT 2021 2 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 3.4 0.3
Lithuania LT 2021 0.2 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 0.5 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.3 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 0.6 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 0.1 0
Lithuania LT 2021 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 0.1 0
Lithuania LT 2021 84.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 86.7 82.1
Lithuania LT 2021 80.3 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 82.8 77.5
Lithuania LT 2021 62.8 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 72.4 53.2
Lithuania LT 2021 59.3 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 67.2 50.4
Lithuania LT 2021 65.2 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 2501 80 50.3
Lithuania LT 2021 61.9 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 902 74.5 48
Lithuania LT 2021 38.5 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 2501 53.1 23.9
Lithuania LT 2021 36.3 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 902 47.7 23.6
Lithuania LT 2021 34.9 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 2501 49.2 20.5
Lithuania LT 2021 30.4 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 902 41.8 17.6
Luxembourg LU 2019 23.3 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 27.8 19.6
Luxembourg LU 2019 32.7 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 38.1 29.5
Luxembourg LU 2019 5.4 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 7 4
Luxembourg LU 2019 12 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 16.5 9.3
Luxembourg LU 2019 2.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 3.5 1.4
Luxembourg LU 2019 4.8 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 7.9 3
Luxembourg LU 2019 2.9 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 4.2 1.8
Luxembourg LU 2019 2.7 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 3 2.4
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 0.7 0.3
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.9 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 1.5 0.5
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 1.3 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 2 0.8
Luxembourg LU 2019 1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 1.3 0.9
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 0.1 0.1
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.3 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 0.3 0.3
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 2 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 3 1.3
Luxembourg LU 2019 2.8 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 3.8 2.1
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.3 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 0.4 0.2
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.9 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 1.3 0.6
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 0.1 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 0.3 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 1.5 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 2.2 0.9
Luxembourg LU 2019 1 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 1 0.9
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.1 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 0.1 0.1
Luxembourg LU 2019 0.3 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 0.3 0.3
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 0 0
Luxembourg LU 2019 88 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3514 92 84.8
Luxembourg LU 2019 84.1 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1052 89.1 81.2
Luxembourg LU 2019 81.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 3514 86.1 77.4
Luxembourg LU 2019 76.7 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1052 83.8 72.5
Luxembourg LU 2019 71.4 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 3514 79.5 64.9
Luxembourg LU 2019 61.4 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1052 71.8 55.2
Malta MT 2013 4.3 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64)   6.7 2
Malta MT 2013 0.9 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64)      
Malta MT 2013 0.4 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64)      
Malta MT 2013 0.5 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64)      
Malta MT 2013 0.3 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64)      
Malta MT 2013 0.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64)      
Malta MT 2013 75.9 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64)   86.6 69.2
Malta MT 2013 70.6 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64)   77.8 63.4
Malta MT 2013 58.8 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64)   69.9 47.8
Malta MT 2013 45.1 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64)   54.8 35.5
Malta MT 2013 28.7 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64)   35.5 22.2
Malta MT 2013 27.4 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64)   33.5 21.3
Netherlands NL 2021 29.8 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5152 35.7 23.9
Netherlands NL 2021 41.5 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1771 47.3 35.6
Netherlands NL 2021 10.4 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 5152 13.5 7.2
Netherlands NL 2021 19.2 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1771 23.3 15
Netherlands NL 2021 6.4 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 5152 9.6 3.2
Netherlands NL 2021 11.2 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1771 16.1 6.2
Netherlands NL 2021 7.9 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5152 11 4.8
Netherlands NL 2021 11 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1771 14.1 7.9
Netherlands NL 2021 2.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 5152 3.4 1.6
Netherlands NL 2021 4.7 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1771 6.2 3.3
Netherlands NL 2021 0.9 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 5152 1.4 0.5
Netherlands NL 2021 1.6 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1771 2.4 0.7
Netherlands NL 2021 6.5 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5152 9.1 3.8
Netherlands NL 2021 9.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1771 11.9 6.3
Netherlands NL 2021 1.6 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 5152 1.8 1.3
Netherlands NL 2021 2.7 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1771 2.7 2.8
Netherlands NL 2021 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 5152 0.7 0.3
Netherlands NL 2021 0.7 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1771 0.9 0.5
Netherlands NL 2021 12.2 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5152 15.4 9
Netherlands NL 2021 18.3 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1771 21.1 15.4
Netherlands NL 2021 3.9 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 5152 4.6 3.2
Netherlands NL 2021 7.8 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1771 8.3 7.2
Netherlands NL 2021 1.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 5152 1.7 0.8
Netherlands NL 2021 2.4 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1771 2.9 1.9
Netherlands NL 2021 2.5 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 5152 3.5 1.4
Netherlands NL 2021 3.6 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1771 4.8 2.3
Netherlands NL 2021 0.6 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 5152 0.9 0.3
Netherlands NL 2021 1.2 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1771 1.8 0.6
Netherlands NL 2021 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 5152 0.2 0.1
Netherlands NL 2021 0.2 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1771 0.4 0
Netherlands NL 2019 79.1 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 6127 82.8 75.4
Netherlands NL 2019 78.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 2195 80 77.6
Netherlands NL 2019 23.8 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 6127 27.8 19.7
Netherlands NL 2019 24.7 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 2195 28.3 20.9
Norway NO 2021 25.5 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 30.3 20.5
Norway NO 2021 30.4 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 37.2 23.7
Norway NO 2021 4.4 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 6.7 1.9
Norway NO 2021 9.3 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 14.2 4.5
Norway NO 2021 1.8 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 1872 2.6 0.8
Norway NO 2021 3.8 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 974 5.5 2.1
Norway NO 2021 5.8 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 8 3.5
Norway NO 2021 8.3 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 10.7 6
Norway NO 2021 1.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 2.1 0.8
Norway NO 2021 2.7 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 3.7 1.8
Norway NO 2021 3.7 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 4.9 2.5
Norway NO 2021 3.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 3.9 4
Norway NO 2021 0.6 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 1 0.1
Norway NO 2021 0.5 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 0.7 0.2
Norway NO 2021 3.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 5.1 2.7
Norway NO 2021 6.2 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 7.2 5.1
Norway NO 2021 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 1.3 0.4
Norway NO 2021 1.6 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 2.2 1
Norway NO 2021 1.8 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 2.5 1.1
Norway NO 2021 2.8 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 3.4 2.3
Norway NO 2021 0.6 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 0.7 0.4
Norway NO 2021 1.3 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 1.5 1.1
Norway NO 2021 92.3 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 93.9 90.6
Norway NO 2021 90.1 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 92.4 87.8
Norway NO 2021 83.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 1872 86.5 79.9
Norway NO 2021 81.1 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 974 86.4 75.7
Norway NO 2021 65.9 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 1872 70.5 61.1
Norway NO 2021 63.8 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 974 69.2 58.5
Norway NO 2021 47.2 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 1872 49.6 44.7
Norway NO 2021 37.6 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 974 44.7 30.6
Poland PL 2018 12.1 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 16.4 7.7
Poland PL 2018 19.1 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 24.6 13.3
Poland PL 2018 3.8 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 5 2.6
Poland PL 2018 7.8 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 10.2 5.3
Poland PL 2018 2 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 2.7 1.3
Poland PL 2018 4.1 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 5.6 2.6
Poland PL 2018 0.7 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 1.1 0.4
Poland PL 2018 1.2 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 1.4 0.9
Poland PL 2018 0.3 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 0.3 0.2
Poland PL 2018 0.5 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.5 0.6
Poland PL 2018 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 0.3 0.1
Poland PL 2018 0.4 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.4 0.4
Poland PL 2018 2.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 3.3 1.4
Poland PL 2018 3.2 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 4 2.4
Poland PL 2018 0.8 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 0.9 0.7
Poland PL 2018 1.4 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 1.6 1.3
Poland PL 2018 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 0.5 0.5
Poland PL 2018 0.7 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.5 0.9
Poland PL 2018 1 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 1.3 0.7
Poland PL 2018 1.4 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 1.9 0.9
Poland PL 2018 0.3 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 0.3 0.3
Poland PL 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.5 0.6
Poland PL 2018 0.3 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 0.3 0.3
Poland PL 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.5 0.6
Poland PL 2018 1 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 1.3 0.7
Poland PL 2018 1.1 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 1.8 0.4
Poland PL 2018 0.5 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 0.5 0.5
Poland PL 2018 0.4 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.5 0.2
Poland PL 2018 0.4 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 0.5 0.4
Poland PL 2018 0.3 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 0.4 0.2
Poland PL 2018 79.9 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 3013 85.7 74
Poland PL 2018 77.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1118 82.4 73
Poland PL 2018 47.4 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 3013 57.2 37.6
Poland PL 2018 38.9 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1118 45.5 32.1
Poland PL 2018 34 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 3013 42.4 25.7
Poland PL 2018 28.4 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1118 33.6 23.1
Portugal PT 2016 11 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 15.6 6.6
Portugal PT 2016 15.1 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 20.7 9.6
Portugal PT 2016 5.1 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 7.3 3.1
Portugal PT 2016 8 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 10.9 5
Portugal PT 2016 4.3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 6.1 2.6
Portugal PT 2016 6.4 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 8.6 4.2
Portugal PT 2016 1.2 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 1.9 0.6
Portugal PT 2016 1.1 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 1.4 0.9
Portugal PT 2016 0.2 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 0.3 0.1
Portugal PT 2016 0.3 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.4 0.3
Portugal PT 2016 0.1 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 0.2 0
Portugal PT 2016 0.2 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.2 0.1
Portugal PT 2016 0.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 0.6 0.3
Portugal PT 2016 0.4 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.3 0.4
Portugal PT 2016 0 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 1.1 0.4
Portugal PT 2016 0.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 1.2 0.7
Portugal PT 2016 0.1 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 0.2 0
Portugal PT 2016 0.2 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.4 0.1
Portugal PT 2016 0 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 0 0.1
Portugal PT 2016 0.4 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 0.7 0.1
Portugal PT 2016 0.5 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.9 0.2
Portugal PT 2016 0 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 0.1 0
Portugal PT 2016 0.1 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 0.2 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 0 0
Portugal PT 2016 86.4 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 91.8 81.4
Portugal PT 2016 82.8 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 86.5 79.1
Portugal PT 2016 59.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 68.5 50.8
Portugal PT 2016 51.6 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 60.8 42.5
Portugal PT 2016 49.1 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 60.3 38.5
Portugal PT 2016 41.3 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 51 31.7
Portugal PT 2016 48.8 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9632 56.9 41.1
Portugal PT 2016 52.7 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3467 55.2 50.1
Portugal PT 2016 31.7 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 9632 37.9 25.9
Portugal PT 2016 39 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 3467 41.5 36.5
Portugal PT 2016 30.6 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 9632 36.5 25
Portugal PT 2016 37.4 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 3467 39.6 35.3
Romania RO 2019 6.1 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 8 4.3
Romania RO 2019 9.5 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 12.4 6.6
Romania RO 2019 3.5 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 4.8 2.1
Romania RO 2019 6 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 8.4 3.5
Romania RO 2019 1.8 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 2.3 1.2
Romania RO 2019 3 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 4 2
Romania RO 2019 1.6 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 2.1 1
Romania RO 2019 2.4 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 3.4 1.3
Romania RO 2019 0.5 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 0.6 0.4
Romania RO 2019 0.7 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 1 0.4
Romania RO 2019 0.4 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 0.5 0.3
Romania RO 2019 0.6 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.7 0.4
Romania RO 2019 0.2 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 0.2 0.3
Romania RO 2019 0.3 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.3 0.3
Romania RO 2016 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 0.1 0
Romania RO 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.1 0.1
Romania RO 2016 0 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 0.1 0
Romania RO 2016 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 3609 0.1 0
Romania RO 2019 1 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 1.5 0.5
Romania RO 2019 1.5 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 2.6 0.5
Romania RO 2019 0.5 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 0.7 0.2
Romania RO 2019 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 1.4 0.2
Romania RO 2019 0.4 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 0.6 0.2
Romania RO 2019 0.7 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 1.2 0.2
Romania RO 2019 0.5 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 0.6 0.4
Romania RO 2019 0.7 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.9 0.5
Romania RO 2019 0.3 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 0.4 0.3
Romania RO 2019 0.5 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.7 0.3
Romania RO 2019 0.3 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 0.4 0.3
Romania RO 2019 0.5 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 0.6 0.3
Romania RO 2019 82.4 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 86.3 78.6
Romania RO 2019 80.5 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 84.2 76.7
Romania RO 2019 60.1 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 69.1 51.1
Romania RO 2019 61.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 69.4 54
Romania RO 2019 48.7 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 60.1 37.3
Romania RO 2019 50.1 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 60 40
Romania RO 2019 58.3 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 7200 67.2 49.4
Romania RO 2019 57.7 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3549 67.2 50.5
Romania RO 2019 41.5 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 7200 49.3 33.5
Romania RO 2019 44.7 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 3549 53.4 35.8
Romania RO 2019 40.8 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 7200 48.6 32.9
Romania RO 2019 43.8 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 3549 52.7 34.7
Slovakia SK 2019 17 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 23.4 10.6
Slovakia SK 2019 26 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 33.4 17.7
Slovakia SK 2019 3.8 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 5.9 1.7
Slovakia SK 2019 7.7 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 11.8 3.5
Slovakia SK 2019 2.2 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 3.8 0.6
Slovakia SK 2019 0.8 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 1.4 0.2
Slovakia SK 2019 0.9 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 1.6 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 1.5 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 2.7 0.3
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 0.3 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.2 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.5 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 0.1 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.1 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.9 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 1.2 0.5
Slovakia SK 2019 1.5 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 2.3 0.6
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 0.1 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 0.2 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.4 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 0.1 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.2 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 3.1 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 4.7 1.5
Slovakia SK 2019 5.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 8.4 2.9
Slovakia SK 2019 0.5 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 0.8 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 1 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 1.7 0.3
Slovakia SK 2019 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 0.4 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.7 0.3
Slovakia SK 2019 0.8 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 1.5 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 1 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 1.8 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 0.2 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 0.3 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.3 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.5 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 0.1 0
Slovakia SK 2019 0.1 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 0.1 0.1
Slovakia SK 2019 87.4 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 91.3 83.4
Slovakia SK 2019 80.1 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 84 76.1
Slovakia SK 2019 73.2 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 80 66.3
Slovakia SK 2019 69.5 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 75 63.8
Slovakia SK 2019 54.9 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 65.8 43.9
Slovakia SK 2019 50.7 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 50.9 42
Slovakia SK 2019 55.4 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 4039 67.2 43.4
Slovakia SK 2019 50.8 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 1605 59.5 41.6
Slovakia SK 2019 37.5 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 4039 48 26.7
Slovakia SK 2019 38.4 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 1605 48.1 28.4
Slovakia SK 2019 35.3 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 4039 45.1 25.2
Slovakia SK 2019 34.8 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 1605 43.5 25.8
Slovenia SI 2018 20.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9161 24.7 16.5
Slovenia SI 2018 33.1 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3054 36.6 29.4
Slovenia SI 2018 5.9 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 7.8 3.8
Slovenia SI 2018 12.3 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 15.3 9.1
Slovenia SI 2018 3 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 9161 4.3 1.6
Slovenia SI 2018 6.1 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 3054 8.3 3.8
Slovenia SI 2018 2.7 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9161 3.6 1.6
Slovenia SI 2018 4.5 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3054 5.7 3.3
Slovenia SI 2018 0.8 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 1 0.5
Slovenia SI 2018 1.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 2.3 1.2
Slovenia SI 2018 0.3 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 9161 0.4 0.2
Slovenia SI 2018 0.7 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 3054 1 0.4
Slovenia SI 2018 2.3 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9161 3.2 1.4
Slovenia SI 2018 4.3 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3054 5.6 2.8
Slovenia SI 2018 0.4 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 0.6 0.3
Slovenia SI 2018 1.1 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 1.4 0.7
Slovenia SI 2018 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 9161 0.3 0.1
Slovenia SI 2018 0.5 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 3054 0.8 0.2
Slovenia SI 2018 2.9 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9161 3.6 2.2
Slovenia SI 2018 4.7 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3054 5.2 4.1
Slovenia SI 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 0.6 0.3
Slovenia SI 2018 1.3 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 1.6 0.9
Slovenia SI 2018 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 9161 0.3 0.1
Slovenia SI 2018 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 3054 0.7 0.3
Slovenia SI 2018 2.2 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64) 9161 2.9 1.4
Slovenia SI 2018 3.5 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3054 4.4 2.5
Slovenia SI 2018 0.3 LSD Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 0.4 0.2
Slovenia SI 2018 0.8 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 1 0.6
Slovenia SI 2018 0.1 LSD Last month Adults (15-64) 9161 0.1 0
Slovenia SI 2018 0.2 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34) 3054 0.2 0.1
Slovenia SI 2018 80.2 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 9161 85 75
Slovenia SI 2018 82.8 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 3054 86 79.4
Slovenia SI 2012 67.1 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 7514 74.7 59.1
Slovenia SI 2012 69.5 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34)   75.8 62.8
Spain ES 2022 40.9 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 48.8 32.9
Spain ES 2022 47.2 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 53.4 40.8
Spain ES 2022 10.6 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 14.4 6.8
Spain ES 2022 19.1 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 24 13.9
Spain ES 2022 8.6 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 12 5.2
Spain ES 2022 15.1 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 19.7 10.4
Spain ES 2022 12 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 17.4 6.6
Spain ES 2022 10.7 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 14.7 6.5
Spain ES 2022 2.4 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 3.6 1.1
Spain ES 2022 3.1 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 4.3 1.9
Spain ES 2022 1.4 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 2.1 0.6
Spain ES 2022 1.8 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 2.4 1.1
Spain ES 2022 4.6 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 6.9 2.3
Spain ES 2022 4.2 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 5.6 2.9
Spain ES 2022 0.6 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 0.8 0.3
Spain ES 2022 1.1 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 1.4 0.7
Spain ES 2022 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 0.3 0.1
Spain ES 2022 0.4 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 0.5 0.3
Spain ES 2022 5.1 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 7.4 2.9
Spain ES 2022 6.3 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 8.1 4.4
Spain ES 2022 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 1 0.5
Spain ES 2022 1.8 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 2 1.5
Spain ES 2022 0.2 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 0.3 0.1
Spain ES 2022 0.5 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 0.7 0.3
Spain ES 2022 93.2 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 94.9 91.4
Spain ES 2022 90.3 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 91.4 89.2
Spain ES 2022 76.4 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 82.1 70.8
Spain ES 2022 78.9 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 82.1 75.5
Spain ES 2022 64.5 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 73.1 55.7
Spain ES 2022 65.6 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 70.8 60.3
Spain ES 2022 69.6 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64) 26344 74.4 64.8
Spain ES 2022 62.4 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 11495 65.3 59.4
Spain ES 2022 39 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 26344 44 34
Spain ES 2022 39.5 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 11495 43.4 35.5
Spain ES 2022 37.2 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64) 26344 42.2 32.3
Spain ES 2022 36.8 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34) 11495 40.8 32.7
Sweden SE 2021 17.6 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64) 11344 21.9 13.1
Sweden SE 2021 23.7 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34) 3228 27.8 19.4
Sweden SE 2021 3.3 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64) 11344 4.3 2.3
Sweden SE 2021 6.5 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34) 3228 7.8 5.2
Sweden SE 2021 1.2 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64) 11344 1.7 0.6
Sweden SE 2021 2.2 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34) 3228 3.1 1.2
Sweden SE 2021 1.3 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64) 6562 1.7 0.9
Sweden SE 2021 2.8 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34) 1928 3.2 2.3
Sweden SE 2021 0.2 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64) 6562 0.4 0.1
Sweden SE 2021 0.4 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34) 1928 0.5 0.2
Sweden SE 2021 0.7 Amphetamines Last year Adults (15-64) 6562 0.9 0.6
Sweden SE 2021 1.6 Amphetamines Last year Young adults (15-34) 1928 1.8 1.5
Sweden SE 2021 0.2 Amphetamines Last month Adults (15-64) 6562 0.2 0.1
Sweden SE 2021 0.4 Amphetamines Last month Young adults (15-34) 1928 0.6 0.2
Sweden SE 2021 0.8 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64) 6562 0.9 0.8
Sweden SE 2021 2 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34) 1928 2 2
Sweden SE 2021 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64) 6562 0.2 0.1
Sweden SE 2021 0.3 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34) 1928 0.5 0.2
Sweden SE 2021 85.3 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64) 6562 85.9 84.7
Sweden SE 2021 80.2 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34) 1928 79.6 81.1
Sweden SE 2017 6 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64) 7990 5.3 6.7
Sweden SE 2017 5.3 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34) 2442 4.5 6
Türkiye TR 2017 2.7 Cannabis Lifetime Adults (15-64)   5.4 0.2
Türkiye TR 2017 3.9 Cannabis Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   7.3 0.4
Türkiye TR 2017 1.1 Cannabis Last year Adults (15-64)   2.2 0.1
Türkiye TR 2017 1.8 Cannabis Last year Young adults (15-34)   3.5 0.2
Türkiye TR 2017 0.8 Cannabis Last month Adults (15-64)   1.5 0
Türkiye TR 2017 1.2 Cannabis Last month Young adults (15-34)   2.4 0.1
Türkiye TR 2017 0.2 Cocaine Lifetime Adults (15-64)   0.3 0
Türkiye TR 2017 0.3 Cocaine Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   0.5 0
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Cocaine Last year Adults (15-64)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Cocaine Last year Young adults (15-34)   0.2  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 Cocaine Last month Adults (15-64)   0  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 Cocaine Last month Young adults (15-34)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 Amphetamines Lifetime Adults (15-64)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Amphetamines Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.4 Ecstasy Lifetime Adults (15-64)   0.7 0
Türkiye TR 2017 0.6 Ecstasy Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   1 0.1
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Ecstasy Last year Adults (15-64)   0.2  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.2 Ecstasy Last year Young adults (15-34)   0.3  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Adults (15-64)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 Ecstasy Last month Young adults (15-34)   0.2  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 LSD Lifetime Adults (15-64)   0.1  
Türkiye TR 2017 0.1 LSD Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   0.2  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 LSD Last year Adults (15-64)   0  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 LSD Last year Young adults (15-34)   0  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 LSD Last month Adults (15-64)   0  
Türkiye TR 2017 0 LSD Last month Young adults (15-34)   0  
Türkiye TR 2017 22.1 Alcohol Lifetime Adults (15-64)   34.3 10.7
Türkiye TR 2017 22.1 Alcohol Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   34.3 10.7
Türkiye TR 2017 12.7 Alcohol Last year Adults (15-64)   19.8 6
Türkiye TR 2017 14.9 Alcohol Last year Young adults (15-34)   22.2 7.4
Türkiye TR 2017 8.6 Alcohol Last month Adults (15-64)   13.8 3.7
Türkiye TR 2017 10.3 Alcohol Last month Young adults (15-34)   15.6 4.8
Türkiye TR 2017 47 Tobacco Lifetime Adults (15-64)   61.9 33.2
Türkiye TR 2017 47 Tobacco Lifetime Young adults (15-34)   61.9 33.2
Türkiye TR 2017 33.4 Tobacco Last year Adults (15-64)   45 22.5
Türkiye TR 2017 33.2 Tobacco Last year Young adults (15-34)   45.4 20.6
Türkiye TR 2017 31.5 Tobacco Last month Adults (15-64)   42.8 21
Türkiye TR 2017 31.2 Tobacco Last month Young adults (15-34)   43.1 18.9
Table 3. MDMA in wastewater in selected European cities: most recent data
Country City Metabolite Current value Previous value Current year Previous year Percentage change Change SiteID Location Latitude Longitude Population Institution
TR Adana MDMA 8.48 13.68 2022 2021 -38.01169591 decrease TR001 Seyhan 36.991421 35.33083 1159215 Adana- Lab139
CY Agia Napa MDMA 2.29 28.53 2022 2021 -91.97336137 decrease CY001 Sewage treatment plant of Agia Napa-Paralimni 34.99075444704176 33.9999814169353 48201 Nireas IWRC
PT Almada MDMA 23.58 20.39 2022 2021 15.64492398 increase PT001 Mutela 38.675187 -9.154345 138685 INMLCF
NL Amsterdam MDMA 182.32 125 2022 2021 45.856 increase NL001 RWZI Amsterdam-WEST 52.375 4.8666668 669917 KWR
BE Antwerp Zuid MDMA 134.12 92.46 2022 2021 45.05732209 increase BE002 Antwerpen-Zuid 51.2 4.39 130218 Toxicological Centre
GR Athens MDMA 2.39 3.38 2022 2021 -29.28994083 decrease GR001 City of Athens WWTP 37.9928017 23.7658005 3700000 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
ES Barcelona MDMA 45.53 25.43 2022 2021 79.04050334 increase ES001 Baix Llobregat 41.43 1.97 1185619 IDAEA-CSIC
DE Berlin (4) MDMA 47.55 59.54 2022 2018 -20.13772254 decrease DE001 Berlin 4 plants 52.52 13.4 3993500 IFT Institut für Therapieforschung
IT Bozen MDMA 3.39 1.36 2022 2021 149.2647059 increase IT001 Kläranlage Bozen 46.49672 11.358 282747 Medical University Innsbruck
SK Bratislava C MDMA 12.21 4.38 2022 2021 178.7671233 increase SK002 Central 48.14925 17.106991 450000 FFPW, USB
CZ Brno MDMA 16.58 26.36 2022 2021 -37.1016692 decrease CZ001 Waterworks and sewage of city Brno 49.19506 16.606837 445000 FFPW, USB
BE Brussels MDMA 53.7 25.09 2022 2021 114.0294938 increase BE005 Brussel-Noord 50.86 4.36 953987 Toxicological Centre
ES Castellon MDMA 23.32 5.82 2022 2021 300.6872852 increase ES002 EDAR Castellón 40.23 -0.12 178141 UJI
CZ České Budějovice MDMA 15.2 15.85 2022 2021 -4.100946372 stable CZ002 UCOV CB 48.96 14.46 110000 FFPW, USB
DE Chemnitz MDMA 7.34 7.79 2022 2021 -5.776636714 stable DE008 Chemnitz 50.827845 12.92137 239402 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
DK Copenhagen MDMA 29.25 34.65 2022 2021 -15.58441558 decrease DK001 Lynetten 55.69 12.62 685000 Department of forensic medicine, University of Copenhagen
SI Domžale-Kamnik MDMA 7.58 6.33 2022 2021 19.74723539 increase SI001 Domžale-Kamnik 46.13788 14.59384 77981 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
DE Dortmund MDMA 11.62 16.75 2022 2021 -30.62686567 decrease DE009 Deusen 51.52 7.46 399700 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
DE Dresden MDMA 8.18 12.72 2022 2021 -35.6918239 decrease DE010 Dresden-Kaditz 51.05089 13.73832 671806 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
DE Dülmen MDMA 4.23 14.37 2022 2021 -70.56367432 decrease DE011 Dülmen 51.84 7.28 34733 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
NL Eindhoven MDMA 81.01 82.63 2022 2021 -1.960547017 stable NL002 RWZI Eindhoven 51.4421082 5.4800701 457153 KWR
DE Erfurt MDMA 13.45 17.54 2022 2021 -23.31812999 decrease DE012 Erfurt 50.984768 11.02988 215323 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
FI Espoo MDMA 8.3 18.92 2022 2021 -56.13107822 decrease FI001 Suomenoja 60.16 24.71 390000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
SE Gävle MDMA 8.93 13.56 2022 2021 -34.14454277 decrease SE001 Duvbacken 60.674622 17.14183 90114 RISE
AT Graz MDMA 12.43 9.64 2022 2021 28.94190871 increase AT001 ARA Graz 47.070713 15.439504 475333 Medical University Innsbruck
AT Hall-Wattens MDMA 5.73 4.27 2022 2021 34.19203747 increase AT002 Abwasserverband Hall in Tirol-Fritzens 47.29168 11.59284 70353 Medical University Innsbruck
FI Hämeenlinna MDMA 2.69 9.9 2022 2020 -72.82828283 decrease FI002 Paroinen 60.99601 24.46423 67000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Helsinki MDMA 17.66 22.54 2022 2021 -21.65039929 decrease FI003 Viikinmäki 60.23 24.99 860000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Innsbruck MDMA 15.59 14.58 2022 2021 6.927297668 stable AT004 ARA-Innsbruck 47.269212 11.404102 266478 Medical University Innsbruck
TR Istanbul (II-VII) MDMA 6.49 26.33 2022 2020 -75.35131029 decrease TR003 Istanbul (II-VII) 41.013 28.9748 16525000 Forensic Toxicology Labs. Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
FI Joensuu MDMA 3.28 11.6 2022 2020 -71.72413793 decrease FI004 Kuhasalo 62.58 29.73 82667 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Jyväskylä MDMA 4.2 10.64 2022 2020 -60.52631579 decrease FI005 Nenäinniemi 62.21 25.77 155000 National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)
FI Kajaani MDMA 0.96 5.91 2022 2020 -83.75634518 decrease FI006 Peuraniemi 64.227 27.7285 33714 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Kapfenberg MDMA 5.58 3.59 2022 2021 55.43175487 increase AT005 Kläranlage Kapfenberg 47.443562 15.2901 37058 Medical University Innsbruck
CZ Karlovy Vary MDMA 10.06 0 2022 2021 #NUM! increase CZ003 COV Karloy Vary 50.23204 12.87099 67544 T. G. Masaryk Water Resesrch institute, p. r. i., Prague
LT Kaunas MDMA 15.04 17.65 2022 2021 -14.78753541 decrease LT001 Kaunas 54.89687 23.89243 291333 Toxicological Centre
FI Kemi MDMA 8.69 10.34 2022 2020 -15.95744681 decrease FI007 Peurasaari 65.73609 24.56363 25000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Klagenfurt MDMA 9.89   2022     no previous data AT006 N/A 46.6357 14.311817 207812 Medical University Innsbruck
LT Klaipeda MDMA 7.61 7.29 2022 2021 4.38957476 stable LT002 Klaipeda 55.78282 21.49279 387400 Toxicological Centre
AT Knittelfeld MDMA 4.08   2022     no previous data AT008 N/A 47.21595 14.82719 42632 Medical University Innsbruck
EE Kohtla-Järve (2) MDMA 3.66   2022     no previous data EE001 N/A 59.397474 27.279751 47325 N/A
FI Kokkola MDMA 2.57 20.42 2022 2020 -87.41429971 decrease FI008 Hopeakivenlahti 63.83848 23.13048 36000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
SI Koper MDMA 4.71 6.42 2022 2021 -26.63551402 decrease SI002 Central wastewater treatment plant Koper 45.548058 13.730188 49843 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
AT Korneuburg MDMA 4.45   2022     no previous data AT009 N/A 48.34472 16.33149 38121 Medical University Innsbruck
FI Kotka MDMA 5.57 19.22 2022 2020 -71.01977107 decrease FI009 Mussalo 60.45 26.89 72500 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Kouvola MDMA 4.14 25.52 2022 2020 -83.77742947 decrease FI010 Mäkikylä 60.8679 26.70405 70000 National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)
SI Kranj MDMA 11.06   2022     no previous data SI003 N/A 46.242834 14.355542 70000 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
AT Kufstein MDMA 16.65 3.07 2022 2021 442.3452769 increase AT010 Abwasserverband Kufstein 47.582958 12.17077 44537 Medical University Innsbruck
FI Kuopio MDMA 3.52 17.47 2022 2020 -79.85117344 decrease FI011 Lehtoniemi 62.96 27.01 90697 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Lahti MDMA 6.19 38.8 2022 2020 -84.04639175 decrease FI012 Kariniemi 60.99 25.65 63000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Lappeenranta MDMA 12.03 15.07 2022 2020 -20.1725282 decrease FI013 Toikansuo 60.93 27.3 60000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
CY Larnaca MDMA 1.13 1.28 2022 2021 -11.71875 decrease CY002 Sewage Bioard of Larnaca 34.915164353041064 33.6361988334665 92442 Nireas IWRC
CY Limassol MDMA 3.06 3.69 2022 2021 -17.07317073 decrease CY003 Sewerage Board of Limassol-Amathus (SBLA) 34.69 33.02 239936 Nireas IWRC
PT Lisbon MDMA 121.79 48.68 2022 2021 150.1848809 increase PT002 Alcântara 38.7044907 -9.1754999 426964 INMLCF
SI Ljubljana MDMA 18.12 7.49 2022 2021 141.9225634 increase SI004 Central wastewater treatment plant Ljubljana 46.056947 14.505751 270305 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
ES Lleida MDMA 17.38   2022     no previous data ES003 N/A 41.617592 0.620015 146354 IDAEA-CSIC
DE Magdeburg MDMA 13.04 13.53 2022 2021 -3.62158167 stable DE023 N/A 52.120533 11.627624 278000 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
SI Maribor MDMA 13.79 6.86 2022 2021 101.0204082 increase SI005 Maribor 46.55734 15.64591 129000 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
FI Mariehamn MDMA 3.13 0.83 2022 2020 277.1084337 increase FI014 Lotsbroverket 60.09693 19.93482 20000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Mikkeli MDMA 2.56 36.11 2022 2020 -92.91055109 decrease FI015 Kenkäveronniemi 61.68852 27.27217 48626 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
DE Munich Gut Großlappen MDMA 11.74 13.55 2022 2021 -13.35793358 decrease DE026 Gut_Grosslappen 48.14 11.58 1156000 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
CY Nicosia (2) MDMA 1.04 3.34 2022 2021 -68.86227545 decrease CY005 Sewage treatment plant of Pano Deftera (Anthoupoli)-Sewerage Board of Nicosia; Sewage treatment plant of Vathia Gonia-Sewerage Board of Nicosia 35.17 33.4 94602 N/A
SI Novo mesto MDMA 2.95 4.59 2022 2021 -35.72984749 decrease SI006 Wastewater treatment plant Novo mesto 45.804211 15.16969 25414 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
DE Nuremberg MDMA 6.15 12.14 2022 2021 -49.34102142 decrease DE028 Nürnberg 49.452102 11.076665 445593 Clinical Pharmacology TU Dresden
FI Oulu MDMA 10.05 19.57 2022 2020 -48.64588656 decrease FI016 Taskila 65.05 25.41 200526 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
CY Paphos MDMA 0.64 1.86 2022 2021 -65.59139785 decrease CY007 Sewage Borad of Pafos 34.775853627551825 32.4215949998929 132836 Nireas IWRC
SK Piestany MDMA 2.49 2.01 2022 2021 23.88059701 increase SK004 N/A 48.5918007 17.8019009 30000 FFPW, USB
FI Pietarsaari MDMA 0.68 2.94 2022 2020 -76.8707483 decrease FI017 Alheda 63.67486 22.70256 41100 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Pori MDMA 3.62 17.44 2022 2020 -79.24311927 decrease FI018 Luotsinmäki 61.48519 21.79746 114000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
PT Porto MDMA 16.56 8.04 2022 2021 105.9701493 increase PT003 N/A 41.157944 -8.629105 150000 USC
CZ Prague (2) MDMA 51.44 26.6 2022 2021 93.38345865 increase CZ005 UCOV Praha 50.08 14.43 1212000 South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice
AT Purgstall MDMA 5.91 4.11 2022 2021 43.79562044 increase AT013 GAV Erlauftal 48.057812 15.13545 8681 Medical University Innsbruck
FI Rauma MDMA 4.19 8.16 2022 2020 -48.65196078 decrease FI019 Maanpäänniemi 61.12724 21.51127 40000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Region Millstättersee MDMA 4.46 0 2022 2021 #NUM! increase AT011 Wasserverband Millstaettersee 46.81924 13.52146 60745 Medical University Innsbruck
LV Riga MDMA 33.84 29.05 2022 2021 16.48881239 increase LV001 Riga 56.94965 24.105186 619703 Toxicological Centre
FI Rovaniemi MDMA 5.33 21.99 2022 2020 -75.76170987 decrease FI020 Alakorkalo 66.5 25.72 55000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
DE Saarbrücken (2) MDMA 15.59 34.34 2022 2021 -54.60104834 decrease DE030 Saarbrucken 2 plants 49.240157 6.996933 203643 IFT Institut für Therapieforschung
FI Salo MDMA 1.88 12.4 2022 2020 -84.83870968 decrease FI021 Salo 60.38333 23.13333 34400 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Salzburg MDMA 6.85   2022     no previous data AT014 N/A 47.811195 13.033229 458527 Medical University Innsbruck
SE Sandviken MDMA 1.92 4.81 2022 2021 -60.08316008 decrease SE003 Hedåsen ARV 60.61667 16.76667 27000 RISE
ES Santiago MDMA 30.41 17.78 2022 2021 71.03487064 increase ES006 Silvouta 42.88 -8.54 136500 IAQBUS
FI Savonlinna MDMA 2.13 7.86 2022 2020 -72.90076336 decrease FI022 Pihlajaniemi 61.86 28.85 24000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Seinäjoki MDMA 6.16 17.35 2022 2020 -64.49567723 decrease FI023 Seinäjoki 62.79446 22.82822 55000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
AT Steyr MDMA 7.15   2022     no previous data AT015 N/A 48.05009 14.41827 99164 Medical University Innsbruck
AT Strass im Zillertal MDMA 8.93 5.73 2022 2021 55.84642234 increase AT016 AIZ Abwasserverband 47.395748 11.82211 123102 Medical University Innsbruck
EE Tallinn MDMA 23.94   2022     no previous data EE005 N/A 59.436962 24.753574 480000 Forensic Science Institute
FI Tampere MDMA 9.64 18.06 2022 2021 -46.62236988 decrease FI024 Viinikanlahti 61.49 23.77 200000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
FI Turku MDMA 9.67 14.5 2022 2021 -33.31034483 decrease FI025 Kakolanmäki 60.44 22.24 300000 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
NL Utrecht MDMA 111.62 101 2022 2021 10.51485149 increase NL005 RWZI Utrecht 52.0858002 5.1308398 267739 KWR
FI Vaasa MDMA 4.95 24.56 2022 2020 -79.84527687 decrease FI026 Patt 63.1 21.62 69252 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
SE Växjö MDMA 3.98   2022     no previous data SE009 N/A 56.858257 14.761215 75512 RISE
SI Velenje MDMA 9.02 7.59 2022 2021 18.84057971 increase SI007 Central wastewater treatment plant Šaleške Doline (Šalek Valley) 46.362274 15.110658 32583 Jožef Stefan Institute, Environmental department, Laboratory for organic analysis
FI Vihti MDMA 4.6 23.27 2022 2020 -80.23205844 decrease FI027 Nummela 60.41699 24.31965 17500 Forensic Chemistry Unit / Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
LT Vilnius MDMA 30.58 19.38 2022 2021 57.79153767 increase LT003 Vilniaus vandenys 54.687156 25.279651 576727 Toxicological Centre
AT Wasserverband Hofsteig MDMA 6.58 9.28 2022 2021 -29.09482759 decrease AT003 ARA Hofsteig 47.4852 9.6762 99818 Medical University Innsbruck
AT Wien MDMA 18.19   2022     no previous data AT017 N/A 48.210033 16.363449 2974265 Medical University Innsbruck
AT Wiener Neustadt MDMA 8.54   2022     no previous data AT018 N/A 47.80279 16.23318 149821 Medical University Innsbruck
AT Wildon MDMA 7.11   2022     no previous data AT019 N/A 46.885708 15.518532 76347 Medical University Innsbruck
HR Zagreb MDMA 26.86 28.26 2022 2021 -4.953998585 stable HR001 Central wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb 45.7929993 15.9463997 650000 Laboratory for analytical chemistry and biogeochemistry of organic compounds
Table 4. MDMA markets seizures source data
Scope Substance Type Number of seizures Quantity seized (tablets=million, powder=tonnes)
EU MDMA All 10000  
EU+2 MDMA All 15000  
EU MDMA Tablets (number)   3.5
EU+2 MDMA Tablets (number)   11.1
EU MDMA Powder (tonnes)   1.63
EU+2 MDMA Powder (tonnes)   1.64
Table 8. MDMA, price and purity or content data
Substance Form Characteristic Interquartile values [low, 25%, 75%, high] Unit
MDMA tablet Retail price 1 tablet 4,7,10,19 EUR
MDMA tablet Wholesale price 1000 tablets 750,1763,5055,8352 EUR
MDMA tablet Content (mg/tablet) 38,161,173,190 mg
MDMA powder/crystal Retail price 1 gram 14,18,40,65 EUR
MDMA powder/crystal Purity (%) 42,69,85,100 %

About this page

Recommended citation: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2023), European Drug Report 2023: Trends and Developments, https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023_en

Identifiers:

HTML: TD-AT-23-001-EN-Q
ISBN: 978-92-9497-865-3
DOI: 10.2810/161905


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