EMCDDA technical report on the new psychoactive substance N,Ndiethyl- 2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1Hbenzimidazole- 1-ethanamine (isotonitazene)

Introduction

The purpose of this technical report is to provide an analysis of the available information on N,N-diethyl-2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazole-1-ethanamine (commonly known as isotonitazene), an opioid analgesic that has recently emerged on the drug market in Europe, to support a risk assessment of the substance that has been requested by the European Commission in accordance with Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended).

Explanatory note: In the interests of public health protection the EMCDDA is releasing this report before formal copy editing and page layout in the EMCDDA house style. The final report will be available on this page in due course.

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Table of contents

  • 1. Summary
  • 2. Chemical and physical properties, methods and the precursors used for manufacture or extraction
    • 2.1 Background
    • 2.2 Names and chemical structur
    • 2.3 Physical properties
    • 2.4 Methods and chemical precursors used for the manufacture or extraction
    • 2.5 Methods for identification and analysis
    • 2.6 Dosage regimens
  • 3. Legitimate use
    • 3.1 Summary
    • 3.2 Medical use
    • 3.3 Industrial, commercial, and scientific use
  • 4. Pharmacological and toxicological properties
    • 4.1 Summary
    • 4.1 Pharmacodynamics
    • 4.2 Psychological and behavioural effects
    • 4.3 Safety pharmacolog
    • 4.4 Pharmacokinetics
    • 4.5 Toxicology
    • 4.6 Abuse liability and dependence producing potential
  • 5. Extent and patterns of use, availability, and potential for diffusion
    • 5.1 Summary
    • 5.2 Information from seizures
    • 5.3 Information from collected samples
    • 5.4 Information from biological samples
  • 6. Health risks
    • 6.1 Summary
    • 6.2 Acute health effects
    • 6.3 Chronic health effects
  • 7. Social risks
    • 7.1 Individual social risks
    • 7.2 Possible effects on direct social environment
    • 7.3 Possible effects on society as a whole
    • 7.4 Economic costs
    • 7.5 Possible effects related to the cultural context, for example marginalisation.
    • 7.6 Possible appeal to specific population groups within the general population
    • 7.7 Involvement of criminal groups in the manufacture, distribution and distribution methods, and trafficking
  • 8. Other relevant information
    • 8.1 Information on restrictive measures
  • 9. References
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