This data bundle contains all source data for graphics and visualisation used on the page,
Harm reduction – the current situation in Europe (European Drug Report 2023).
List of tables
Table 1. Number of European countries implementing harm reduction interventions, up to 2022
| Year |
Drug checking |
Drug consumption rooms |
Methadone maintenance treatment |
Needle and syringe programmes |
Take-home naloxone |
| 1967 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
| 1968 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
| 1969 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1970 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
| 1971 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1972 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1973 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1974 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
| 1975 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
| 1976 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1977 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
| 1978 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1979 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1980 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1981 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1982 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1983 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1984 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
| 1985 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
| 1986 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
| 1987 |
|
|
8 |
7 |
|
| 1988 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
| 1989 |
|
|
9 |
11 |
|
| 1990 |
|
|
11 |
13 |
|
| 1991 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
| 1992 |
1 |
|
15 |
14 |
|
| 1993 |
|
|
16 |
16 |
|
| 1994 |
|
|
17 |
19 |
|
| 1995 |
|
|
20 |
21 |
|
| 1996 |
2 |
|
22 |
|
|
| 1997 |
5 |
|
23 |
25 |
|
| 1998 |
|
|
26 |
26 |
|
| 1999 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2000 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
| 2001 |
7 |
|
27 |
|
|
| 2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2007 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
| 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2010 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2013 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
| 2014 |
8 |
|
|
|
4 |
| 2015 |
|
1 |
|
|
6 |
| 2016 |
9 |
2 |
|
|
7 |
| 2017 |
|
6 |
|
|
9 |
| 2018 |
10 |
8 |
|
|
11 |
| 2019 |
|
9 |
|
|
13 |
| 2020 |
12 |
|
|
|
15 |
| 2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
12 |
10 |
27 |
28 |
16 |
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Table 2. Availability of take-home naloxone in Europe
| Country |
Availability |
| Austria |
Available |
| Belgium |
Not available |
| Bulgaria |
Not available |
| Croatia |
Not available |
| Cyprus |
Available |
| Czechia |
Available |
| Denmark |
Available |
| Estonia |
Available |
| Finland |
Not available |
| France |
Available |
| Germany |
Available |
| Greece |
Not available |
| Hungary |
Not available |
| Ireland |
Available |
| Italy |
Available |
| Latvia |
Not available |
| Lithuania |
Available |
| Luxembourg |
Not available |
| Malta |
Not available |
| Netherlands |
Not available |
| Norway |
Available |
| Poland |
Not available |
| Portugal |
Available |
| Romania |
Not available |
| Slovakia |
Not available |
| Slovenia |
Available |
| Spain |
Available |
| Sweden |
Available |
| Türkiye |
Not available |
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Table 3. Needle and syringe distribution and opioid agonist treatment coverage in relation to WHO 2020 targets, 2021 or latest available estimate
| Country |
Proportion in opioid agonist treatment |
Syringes per person who injects drugs |
Number people who inject drugs |
| Croatia |
0.5 |
43 |
6344 |
| Cyprus |
0.17 |
8 |
627 |
| Czechia |
0.59 |
232 |
40500 |
| Finland |
0.18 |
264 |
25000 |
| France |
0.78 |
118 |
106857 |
| Greece |
0.85 |
234 |
2462 |
| Italy |
0.27 |
5 |
105652 |
| Latvia |
0.1 |
145 |
7715 |
| Lithuania |
0.15 |
30 |
8868 |
| Luxembourg |
0.86 |
523 |
822 |
| Norway |
0.86 |
482 |
7878 |
| Portugal |
0.64 |
86 |
13162 |
| Spain |
0.9 |
181 |
8582 |
| Belgium |
0.72 |
172 |
7018 |
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Table 4. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe
| City |
Country |
lat |
lon |
Number of facilities |
| Brussels |
Belgium |
50.84 |
4.35 |
1 |
| Liege |
Belgium |
50.6278 |
5.57459 |
1 |
| Aarhus |
Denmark |
56.14597 |
10.19845 |
1 |
| Copenhagen |
Denmark |
55.67453 |
12.5677 |
2 |
| Odense |
Denmark |
55.39509 |
10.38202 |
1 |
| Vejle |
Denmark |
55.70232 |
9.522832 |
1 |
| Paris |
France |
48.8539 |
2.34879 |
1 |
| Strasbourg |
France |
48.579 |
7.73633 |
1 |
| Berlin |
Germany |
52.504671 |
13.3945135 |
3 |
| Bielefeld |
Germany |
52.02656 |
8.540516 |
1 |
| Bochum |
Germany |
51.4815 |
7.2244 |
1 |
| Bonn |
Germany |
50.78 |
7.1778 |
1 |
| Dortmund |
Germany |
51.56247 |
7.45377 |
1 |
| Düsseldorf |
Germany |
51.2397 |
6.6778 |
1 |
| Essen |
Germany |
51.4798 |
7.0569 |
1 |
| Frankfurt |
Germany |
50.20948 |
8.76 |
4 |
| Hamburg |
Germany |
53.56828 |
9.999227 |
5 |
| Hannover |
Germany |
52.37608 |
9.73263 |
1 |
| Karlsruhe |
Germany |
49.012 |
8.390306 |
1 |
| Köln |
Germany |
50.93167 |
6.949464 |
1 |
| Münster |
Germany |
51.95222 |
7.623233 |
1 |
| Saarbrücken |
Germany |
49.24041 |
6.98665 |
1 |
| Troisdorf |
Germany |
50.818 |
7.14125 |
1 |
| Wuppertal |
Germany |
51.24225 |
7.158186 |
1 |
| Athens |
Greece |
38 |
23.7 |
1 |
| Esch-sur-Alzette |
Luxembourg |
49.50245 |
5.97222 |
1 |
| Luxembourg |
Luxembourg |
49.6503 |
6.2512 |
1 |
| Almere |
Netherlands |
52.3829 |
5.2887 |
1 |
| Amsterdam |
Netherlands |
52.414 |
4.90793 |
3 |
| Apeldoorn |
Netherlands |
52.1813 |
6.00827 |
1 |
| Arnhem |
Netherlands |
51.98497 |
5.899034 |
1 |
| Deventer |
Netherlands |
52.29638 |
6.178408 |
1 |
| Enschede |
Netherlands |
52.1988 |
6.87604 |
1 |
| Haarlem |
Netherlands |
52.389 |
4.6896 |
1 |
| Heerlen |
Netherlands |
50.8888 |
5.9811 |
1 |
| Leeuwarden |
Netherlands |
53.1987 |
5.8322 |
1 |
| Leiden |
Netherlands |
52.1597 |
4.4811544 |
1 |
| Maastricht |
Netherlands |
50.8541 |
5.69063 |
1 |
| Nijmegen |
Netherlands |
51.81272 |
5.842056 |
2 |
| Roermond |
Netherlands |
51.2248 |
5.9753 |
1 |
| Rotterdam |
Netherlands |
51.8882 |
4.6136 |
4 |
| s-Hertogenbosch |
Netherlands |
51.69714 |
5.305474 |
1 |
| Tilburg |
Netherlands |
51.60593 |
5.14963 |
1 |
| Utrecht |
Netherlands |
52.086 |
5.1127 |
1 |
| Vlissingen |
Netherlands |
51.42818 |
3.52915 |
1 |
| Zwolle |
Netherlands |
52.54429 |
6.09052 |
1 |
| Bergen |
Norway |
60.3954 |
5.33062 |
1 |
| Oslo |
Norway |
59.920979 |
10.753526 |
1 |
| Porto |
Portugal |
41.149 |
-8.610 |
1 |
| Lisbon |
Portugal |
38.716311 |
-9.142432 |
2 |
| Badalona |
Spain |
41.450142 |
2.24742 |
1 |
| Barcelona |
Spain |
41.3825 |
2.1769 |
9 |
| Bilbao |
Spain |
43.2569 |
-2.9236 |
1 |
| Lleida |
Spain |
41.61898 |
0.6201 |
1 |
| Reus |
Spain |
41.14994 |
1.10571 |
2 |
| Sant Adrià de Besòs |
Spain |
41.430599 |
2.21824 |
1 |
| Tarragona |
Spain |
41.1186 |
1.24047 |
1 |
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